EVENTS 

of the 

CIVIL WAR 




by 
General Edward Bouton 

with 
SKETCH OF THE AUTHOR 



EVENTS 



OF THE 



CIVIL \A/ A R 



GENERAL EDWARD BOUTON 



Sketch of the Author 



y^ 67?^/ 




ENGLISH COAT OF ARMS OF THE BOUTON FAMILY 

criplion ...n BuuU.n Euyli^i bhield >.[ LoM -A A 

Omne bonum Dei dotuim 

Translation: "The gifts of God ate good" 



. Index 



Page 

THK BATTLK i iF S}U1,(>H ..... l-^ 

The Question of Surprise . . . • • . !■> 

Coiifedurate Order of Battle .... 1" 

The Furious Attack . . • ■ . . 17 

Death of tJeneral Albert Sydney .lohnstoii . . 2(i 

The (Vreat Artillery Duel and BoutoiTs Battery . 21 

Confederate Testinii>ny . . ■ • ■ .2s 

Loss in Buell's Army April tith . . . .27 

Webster's Heavy Artillery . . . . . 27 

Effective Strength of Forces . . . . 2!S 

Proportion of Artillery . . . • • . M> 

A Ludicrous Event ....•• •'I 

Confederate Casualties . . . . . . .^l 

Lew Wallace ....••■ '^-^ 

Conclusion ...■.■■■■'•"' 

SEItiE i>F CORINTH ...... -57 

(Teneral Halleck continually asks for more men . . 41 

Rebel Works around Corinth .... -14 

Stren!.,'-th of Union Forces . . . . 44 

Confederate Strentrth . ■ . . 4.s 

General Hallecks Romantic Reports . . . 4.s 

GENERAL GRANT -J'^ 

Change wrought in Four Year-. . . . . .-il 

The Contrast ...-•■• "^l 

Sherman's opinion of (Jrant .... ■■'- 

Gen'l Grant's Rapid Promotion i-auses Jeal.pusy . .=^2 

Grant as a Tactician . . ■ ■• •■^■"^ 

My last meeting with General lirant .... ."■li 

GENERAL WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN . . Wl 

RECOLLECTIONS OF AN OLD VETERAN . . . h.s 

Guntowii . . ■ ■ • .1)/ 

FROM PONToTOC TO TCPELO . . 7(i 

BATTLE OF HARRISOXBCRGH OR Tl'I'ELo . . . 7.S 

EXPEDITION DOWN THE MISSISSIPPI . . . « 

BOITTON'S B.VTTERV ...... «=^ 

THE AMBPSHERS AMBl'SHED . . . . .^^ 

W.AR-TIME RAILROADS . • • ■ • • *' 

MILITARY PERMIT BUSINESS 

GENERAL EDWARD BoUToN .... 

Supplement ....••• l"* 

Origin of the Name ...■•• l"-'^ 

The English Branch ...... H"' 

The Irish Branch 1"" 



103 



Introductory 



'The I'Vdcial ( '(iii.-liliiliiiiinl Ci iii\ciiri(iii (if 17N7. lailcil to ilclcr- 
liiiiii' the rinhl (if slalo In witlidniw lioiii llic ruidti. Hail that 
rifiht Keen riiiircdcil liy llic ci nnciil K ill llir i-diistit lit inn then 
aildptcil wiiiilil lia\r liccii iiT iki iiinro iiindiiiii fnrce than a rnpe of 



Si)liie uf thr separate coldiiies were at that time sn jealous of 
their rights thai they were only williiiii lo make sullicieiit <-on- 
cessions to enalile the formalioli of a confederalioli. and had the 

denial of the right to withdraw from ihe Inion I n insisteil upon 

at that lime I he adopti f the articles of eonfe.leration could not 

lune been accomplished. 

The desire of the people of the north or free states to restrict 
the limits of the slave holding section and prevent the introdtiction 
of thai institiitioii int<i new tei-ritor\-. was the cause of sectiiinal 
dilTerences to such an e.Meiil as to cause the southern or slave 
holding states to attempt to exercise what they deemed to he their 
feseiwed right to withdraw from the I'nion. thereli\- necessittiting 
the riuht of secession to lie determined hy an appeal to arm-, ami 
t hereliy pi-eiapilat ilig the greatest confhcl in | he world's histor}'. 

In contemplating the magnitude of the war of the Heliellion, 
and considering the fact that the tendenc\' to arbitrate differences 
hetwoeti nations, tlie fearful eHii'ieiicy of mo<lei'n weapons, in- 
creased facilities foi- rapid transportation, as well as higher degrees 
of civilization and Christ iaiiiziiig influences on mankind must 
tiMid to decrease «ars and cause the few that ilo occur to he of 
lirief dlinitioli in the future, lea\ing the War of the Heliellion to 
alwa\-s remain the greatest contest of arms in the world's historx'. 



:ili<l ciLiisiiiti its iiKisI iiii]M)il:iiil cNCiil^ hi lie sliidicd and \ie\ved 
with an r\rv iiici-casiiiii i iitcicsl , seems an iiireiil i\'e Id tliose who 
|ial'l iri|ialeil in ihal eoiilesl In h'a\c as e(iiii|>lele a record as po.s- 
silile of ihe |il'ilici|)al iiicideiHs as I he\' actuall\' occurre(L 

The Wal- of (he liehellioii cosl l)olh siih'S some $7.4(1(1,0(111.(1(1(1. 
The I'r.aiico-i'nissiaii War. iiicliKniiii tlie ureal iiuhaniiit y jiaid 
liy ITaiice lo I'lUssia. .'^4.(M)().()(»(1,()(H1. The Criiiieaii War. 

s-_'. 0(111. ooii.ood. The I'lusso-Ausuiaii Wai'of isCid. .•s;',:;.",.ooo.ooo. 

Tlie Itahaii War of 1S.V.I. .S:!0(1.( 100.000. 

Ill Ihe War of Ihe liehellioii ,s:;(l,(l(l(l lives weic sacriheed. 
hi tlie Criiiieaii War. 7")0.(1(1(1. In the Itiisso-Tiiikisli War. ■J.'iO.OOO. 
Ill the IT-aiii-o-rrussiaii W ar. I'.Hi.OOO. In tlie Italian War of 1,S.")<.I, 
and the I'nisso-Aiist riaii War of l,S(i(i. each 4o,()()(l. 

The total iiumlier of iiieu eiijiaiied on liotli sides diiriiiii the War 
of the Reliellioii \\as ,S,l!7-.000. heiiig a \astly nfcaler nuinlier I haii 
in any other war. and the area of territory eiiiliraced in the opera- 
tions of these \'ast armies was ahoiit four times as i^reat as in any 
of the modern wars of I'Airope: hut where this contest most ex- 
celled was in the great nuinlier of battles fought. 

History records Imt few wars where one hundred liattl(\s were 
fought, while a report compiled l>\' Congressman Wariiock of 
Ohio from the records of the War Department, shows that iNS'i 
battles where one regiment or more were engagi'd on each side 
were fought, and thai in 112 battles the loss on one side o)- the 
otlier was over oOO men. 

The desperate character of the lighting is shown by the well 
autlu'iilic and otlicially recorded fact that in both armies there 
were a thousand regiments in which the losses were from .5(1 to S") 
j)er cent. 

The recent war between Russia and .hqian has always been 
referred to as a very bloody war. 

In the Battle of Mukden, which was Ihe greatest and bloodiesi 
battle of that war. after eight days lighting the losses ainounleil 
to no more than I'd per cent, of the number engaged. 

On several occasions during the War of the l\el)i41ion, moi-e than 
20 ])er cent, of the number engaged went down in two or three 
hours. 



The Battle of Shiloh 



nrill-: l'.:inlc .,r Sliildli \\^i> nil. loiil, telly one (,r Ihr lianlc^l 
A Inuulil liMlllo iif ih,. War, Al its cluM' Cciicral Ci-aiit 

|"'"li('iiiicc(l 11 till' >l ,-;ili^uilial-\- (•(iiidii'l (•\-c|- \va,i;c<l 

"II IIk' Aiiicrican ('mil incnl . In many iTs|)cct> it was the 
iii"st iiii|»j|-ianl r\-(Mit Ml mil- ci.uiit I'y 's Instm-y. Had llic Cimi- 
tcilri-alrs iiccii siicci'sstul at Slnl.ili . t lie la unit ry would lia\-c liccii 
at their iiici-cN IVciiii tlic 'IViiiicssci' Kixcr to tli<' ( dvat Lake.-: and 
"illi till' ciicuni-aiiiMiiciil llial Micli an cNciit wmild liavc j;i\ rn 
llii'ir iiian\^ Iricnds and s\ nqiat lii/.rrs in Kentucky. Missuuri, 
SdUtlimi Olii,,. Indiana and llliii..i>. ai|dr<l to llir Icrlini; of 
dr|iivssion and di>coura,i;iMiiriit |irc\alcnt on tlic side ot" tlir 
I'liion. .iwini: to llic lack oi' >ui'ccs> attciidini; llicii- arui> in tlic 
Iva.-I . uhciv ■Jll.dDI) rnion soldiers were lan-uisliiii,;; and starxiii.u' 
111 lieliel I'risons. llii> success .if 1 he rnioii cause would lia\c 
keen a sulijei't of \-er\- i;ra\'e iloiiki . 

M'iri' li:is doiililles- keen siid ami writti'ii rei;ai'din^ the j'.attle 
"I Sliiloh Ihaii aii\ other iiii|iortanl e\ciit dui-|ii;i the four \ear 
i''>iil<'sl. >el nian\- ini|ioil a ill |ioilils are sukjecis of coiit i-o\'crs\-, 
ami much is \i't unknowiK 

ll Is likel\ the oiil\- ili>lalice. lee. irded i ii Modern llislor\. of so 
iin|iortanl a I'oiillii't which uas m>\cr fiill\- re|iorled ky the .■oin- 
inamhiiu ( haiia'als on eit lu'r side, ( iiaieral .lolmston',- death ociairreil 
afler I he occiirreiici' of the iiio>l ini|iin'lalit excnis aii<l Ins suia'c.ssor. 

General Ui'aiireuard. a U-w days laler niaile a ivjiort kased i 

ascerlaiiiakle. authentic foundalioii, m wliii'h he sialeil the niim- 
lier of ('onfe(|erales dead at l\\enl\-luo less than weiv aclilalU 
kiiriecl k\ Sherman's and ,Mc('leriiand 's l)i\isioiis ahme on the 
kaltle lield. and the niimker wounded al little more lliaii the 
iiumker of maxcs found al Corinlh. lloll\- S|iriiiL;s. Kurn<\ille. 
Mickey's I'arni and aloim the w a v Irom Sliiloli l<i Coniith, llial 
were slated k\ Coid'ederale ailthorilies to ke those of soldiers 
wounded al Shiloh. 



With the piissihlf cxc-cptiun nf (lei)i'|-;il l-5(';iurf<;;n'irs i-cpnrt, 
the aiticic puhlishcd hy ( iclicral 1). C llui-ll in the ^lardi iiuiiihcl- 
(if I lie (Viitur\- Manaziiic tur lNS(i, ciilitlcd "Sliili)li Hc\ icwcd." 
ill wliicli lie ascrihes to tlic ( 'inifi'ilci'alc anus a .greater measure 
111' succt'ss 111! the tirsl ila\- (if tlie liatHe than has e\-er been chiiineil 
liy the niiist enthusiastic nr nunaiitic aihnirer of the Inst cause, is 
iin(h)iiliteill\- the iiinst niisleadinti. 

(lelielal (Irant's paper nii Shihih. lirst pillilished in the Cenlury 
Mafiazine. and afteiw ards a|3peariug in his memoirs, was liidkecl 
tdi'ward t(i with cuiisideralile interest in aiiticipatiiui "I' its clear- 
ing lip nian\' cnntroNcrled points. Init pni\-ed a ihsappninl iiU'iit 
to liis inan\' friends and aihnirers in tlie army of the 'reniiessee. 
wiiicli was (inly acc(iuiile(l f(ir when it was learned thai 1 he article 
was prepared li}' ('(ihinel jiadeatl instead nf li\" ( ieiieral (irant. 

On .\pril Id. hSlii'. Ceiieral Sherman made an ()lli(aal repnrt of 
llie liallle. which appears in \'ol. I (if his meiiKiirs, which he afler- 
W"al'(ls discoN'ered cdiitaiiied so many errors and oniissions I hat he 
felt induced to make a re\ised report in July fdlhiw imj;. Iiut hy 
erriir the liisl report was finnislied to the printers nf his memoirs, 
and ihe mislake not disco\-eretl until Ion late for correclion. sn 
he stated In ine afterwards. And uiifi ill illial el\' the men wIki 
hiUiihl and won I he lial lie of Shiloh did liol const it ule the Shiloh 
.Mililar\' I'ai'k Commission and make what mi^hl he termed the 
liiial repcirt (if the liallle. luit a commission was formed with 
I ieiieral I'lilell at its head, nf w hum < ieiieral Sherman mice remarked 
in iii\ hearimi llial he was surpriseil ihat an dlhcer nf Huell's 
rank and pnsitioii shduld lie capaMe (if peiwerl iiiii imporlaiii 
hisi orical fads for 1 he purpose of dispara,i;iii,n ( leneral ( Irant and 
himself. 

In ( ieiieral liiiell's anxiety to sIkav the had condition (if ( Irant's 
army at the chi.se of 1 he first (la\'s liallle. he distdrled the facts 
liy shdwiiii; .lacksoiTs lieliel Hriuades as canipin.u- thai liiiiht on 
Ihe I'll Isliiiriih Landin.i; side of Dill's Ivavilie. fully (Hie hundred 
\'ards ill ihe rear nr laiidint:: side of where .\ininen's llrii^ade of 
-Xelson's Uix'ision (if his own army actuall\- camped. 

lie also states thai al I he close df the first day's li-;htin,'i. Sher- 
man's I lix'isidii did iidt exist except in I he persdii (if its commander, 
while Shei-mali insisted thai he had li\"e llmusand L;ddd men in 
line al I hal time. 

(leneral Craiil and leii ihdUsand dlliei' ^ddd men cdiild hear 



("\-i(li'llci- lli:il lillcllV -nitclliclil \\a> llttc|-l\- (lc\-ni(l lit tulIlnlatKiIi 
ill fact. 

In Ills i-cvicw 111' Sliilnh. ilniiM-al I'.ucll luailc many (it licr crrms 
(Ulile as appai-cnt as tlii'sc. 

The ruininissinn ailo|)tc(l Ci'iii-ral 1 '.I'anrc.iianr.- rc|i(>i-t nf Ci.n- 
fiMlci-atc casnaltiiv-. wlm-li aciaii-ilmL; tn i irnci'al.- (!ranl. Slir|-nian. 
MrClcrnanil anil iiian\ hiIm-i' limli ani lairit ics. huili rnion and 
( 'iintnli-vati'. i'c|irr,~cnlril hut almnt niM'-third nf tlicir actual 
lnssr>. 

THE QUESTION OF SURPRISE. 

■['he iiuestiiin i\\ the cMeiit tuwhicli the Aruiyof the Tennessee 
was surprise! 1 at Sliiloli has al\\a\- remained a matter nf dispute. 
It is an unduuhteil Kaci tliat ( lenei'al (Irant did tint anticipate an 
attact until it had act ually nccurred. In a :ii.spatch t n < ieneial 
Halleck. fi-nm Savanna, nn Aprd 'i. he -ays: -'I have scarcelx' 
the faintest idea <n an attact |i;ctu'l'al nuc ) beitl.i;- made nti u-. 
I>\lt wtll he |)repared -hnuld -Itch a thitn; lake placr." alsn viatini; 
that (ienei-al \el-nir,- l)|\-|-nn hail arrived, and "the nthi'r I w n 
I)i\-i,--inn- nf (^eiua-al Ihirll'- cnlumn will arri\"e tunmrrnw- and the 
next daw" that it wa,-- his purpn>c in >ciid them all In Ilamlniriili . 
four miles alin\(. I'il tsl)iir<i I.aiidini: when 1 he\- all armed ■■rinm 
I hal pniiit ihr rnad In ( 'nrinl li i^ unnd and a jmiclinn can he fnriiied 
Willi the trnnp- iVniii 1 'i I I si ill fii at almn-t an\ pnini/' When 
lieiieral < Irani wa> preparing I In- di-palch at ahniii 4 n'cinck 

I'. M., .1. I). WrI.slrr. Cnl ■! n\ the 1 si Ilhlini- Artillerx. i-hief 

nf ( leiiei-al ( li'anl 's >laff, and in \ -ell' wia'c .-it linu mi the I rniik nf a 
falhai I fee lictwcrii I'in>liur^ l.aiiiliim and Shilnh Chun-li. when 
he tnld mc in cniifideiicc that niie week ffniii that mnrnin^ wliicli 
wniild he Saliirdaw April ll'lli. it wa- the inleiilinii In cninmence 
the ad\anci' mi ( 'nrinlh. 

Willi line nf m\" rilled L;ini> 1 cniild have easily thrnwii a shell 

fr w here we weiv ,-il I iiil: inin I he ( 'nil federate line.-, as I hey were 

iheii fnrnied In .allack ii> at daN'hmhl I he next iiinrnini;. 

( ieiicral ( iraiil did I ml cmiie up In I'lll^hnr- I.andiiii; Saiiirday, 
.Vpril nl h. a.- he had lieen :iccn>tniiied In dnim;, anil Simila\- liinriiin;; 
he w .as planning In ride mil nn I he Wa \iiesl inrn rnad w il h meiiiliers 
nf hi- >laff In meet diaieral liilell. iml iiiMiiiiaware thai I'liiell h.ad 
alreadx' arri\"ei| at Sa\aniiali. 

W hile (haieral ( Irani and ^ta^f were ,a I lireakfasi lielweeii h ,aiid 
7 n'cinck. Ivlward \. TreiMl,|\ nf ('nnipan\ ( '. I.-I lllinni> Arliller\ . 



wliii «:is (111 duty as an (inlcrly al (IciuTal ( Irani 's licadiiuaiiers, 
reported artillery tirinji- at I'it tsluiru Landing. 

Confederate authorities noted the coinnienceineiit of the Bat- 
tle at 0:14 A. ^r., an<l rnioii officers at 5:10. so that the tifihtins 
had heeii iioinii on fully an hour hefore (ieneral (Iraiit had the first 
intimation of an attack at Sluloh. 

(lenei-al Sherman's l)i\ision occupied the aihanced position at 
Sliiloh Church, and it de\iil\-ed upon him to };iiard the front of 
the Army of the Tennessee. ( )n the afternoon of Fiiday. April 
■Ith. iletachnients of the 72d Ohio Infantry and ."ith Ohio Cavalry, 
as well as men and otlicers of the 4(itli. ooil and 7(ltli Ohio He.i^i- 
nients encountered the enemy some two nnles in advance of (Gen- 
eral Sherman's picket lines, and i|uite sharp skirniishin.ii occuri-ed 
with casualties an<l capture of se\cral prisoners on hoih sides. 
It afterwards transpired tliat tlie detachments of rmoii soldiers 
a])proached within (KIO yards of the main line of Haidee"s corps. 
Vet. (ieneral Sherman felt positive that it was but a recounoitei- 
ing force of the enemy, consisting of a battalion of ('avalr\'. (wo 
regiments of infantry and a battery of three guns. 

The same da}' men fi'om the olid Ohid disco\-ered sli'ong boilies 
of the enemy's troops in our front and repoiled to Colonel .^jiler. 
who sent his (^uarleiniaster, Lieulenant ,1. \\'. hulton. to inform 
(lenei-al .Shei-man. who I'iiliculed the idea of the enemy being in 
any considerable force. Satui'da\ . ( 'oloiiel .\plel's men again found 
large bodies of ( 'onfeilerate t I'oops in finnt of <iui' lines and reported 
to their Colonel, who reporti'd the fact to Colonel llildebrand. 
commanding brigade, who repoiled in person to < ieneral Shernian, 
who ( hen directed liiiii to send out a I'egiment at daylight I he next 
morning to recoiiiioiter t he front ; but the\' had .just started wIkmi 
they were lireil into at the conmieiicenieiit of the battle. Colonel 
.\pler was up all night .and befoie da \ light Sunda\' morning not died 
(>ach of his Captains to be picpaicil for an attack. 

.Men from .McClernaiid's, l'reiili<-e's. \\-. 11. h. \\allace's and 
Hurlbut's l)i\isions hail disco\cred the enemy in large numbers 
both l''ri<lay and Saturday. 

(ieneral .1. P>. .Mcl'herson, who was Colonel of fiiigiiu'cis on 
(ieneral (irant's staff, at the l'>attle of Shiloh, and was staying 
with \V. H. L. Wallace at Shiloh instead of with (ieneral (irant al 
Sa\aimali. states in his i-eport . as shown on Page ISI, \'ol. 1(1, 
Keconls of the Hebellion; "ll w.as well known the enemy was 
a[iproaching our lines, and there had bei'ii more or less skirmishing 
16 



lur tllivc .|;i\s |iivi'cililiu ihc li.-iltliv" W'licii llic .-ill.-ii'k in tuivc 
\\:is liuiilc III! Suiiil:i\ lin i|-|iiiii;, ( lciii'l-:il Slicriiin ii ^clil a slalT oHiccr 
Ik ii(itil'\' Cnicral McClia-iiainI ami ask liiiii lo su|)|iurt I he Icfl oT 
liis (Shcniian'- ) IlixiMnii, Tlic i illicci' iiicl I hive |-i'i;i niciil s i m I he 
\va>- tn (lir IViilil line iil I la 11 Ic. 

()ii<> 111' Ihc hi.iihr.sl ('.)iil,'(l,a-alc aulhonlics. (\il,.nrl William 
i'l'c^loii .liiliii>lc>li. -a\> llial, ■•Saliii-ila\- alYcnuiuii a rdimi'il nl' 
WAV was liciii,^ hi'ld. clc. llic CoiifiMliTal c Aniiy was in lull lialllc 
ai'ra\-, willnn Iwn inili's ol' Sliiloli ('liiii'cli ami (Iranl's lines." 

"(irm-rals (iraiil ami Slicrniaii scia 1 liiaii in llii-ir cimxicl luii 

I lial llir cmany would iiol leave his liase ni su|i|>lies a I Con nlli ami 
CdUie l(. allaek Us al Shlluli, I he\- lieili;; ahmisl I he (inl\- exreplidiiv 
(ill Ihe |iai't (if liiilh ollieei's ami men I lircjUiihoUt llie AriiiN of llie 
reimessee lo I he iin|iression Ihal we were alioiil lo he allacked 
h\' I he enein\ in loree." 

CONFEDERATE ORDER OF BATTLE. 

Thai (leneral .lohnsloii (•ommilled a mov| falal error in |ier- 
millinii- (leneral I '.ea ui-e,L;a rd lo i'lian,i;v I he' order of hallle in fonn- 
iiiU Ihe ihree coriis of Hardee, Urauu and I'ojk in lliree |>araHel 
lines inslead of foi-miiiL; eaeh eor|)s in colnnm of ilixisions. willi 
Hardee on ihe ri-hl, JSra.ui; in llie cailer and I'ojk on ihe lefl , 
wilh !'>reekenriili;e in reseiwe. a- lielieral .hihiislonhad |ilaiined. 
eannol l„. d.iul.li'd. 

'idle elliriiniryof I he ('onfe( lei'a I e foives was X'eiw maleriallx 
redui'eil l.y ihis error of formation, es|)eia:ill\- Willi llie l.aek of 
eordialil\ exislilui lielwi'eli llie coi'l's iMiiimiamlers, 

l'',arl\- in I he emiai^eineiil \\ hen I he secomi and I hi id line- closed 
on and miniilcd wilh I he lirsl , ;iml si ran^e lroo|is and comiii:iiiders 
hcc.aine mini;led iii (Jiie line, il i 'a Used lack of liarnion\ , co-oi leralioii 
.■ilid eHirieiicN. 

THE FURIOUS ATTACK. 

The Colhederale olliceis and soldiers held Celnaal Johuslon in 
hiuh e>leem and had i; real conlidenee in his al lilil \-, ;i ii< I his |)re,-enre 
and ullei'ance rn-|iired all wilh ;;ri'al eiil linsi:ism. .\s ihe allaek 
was alioiil to he eouunem-ed, he said lo his si, a IT ollieers; ■'Toniuhl 
we will water our horses in the Teiiiie--ee l!i\cr;" to ilalid.all 

I,, (hhson, im.aiidin.", a hour^aiia I '.rii::i. le : --Ih, niiisl inn „ 

ncliiiji:" lo Marinailuke, who h,-id sciaimI under him in I'l.ah: 
■■ Mjl s,ni. irr mnsl II, is J,nf rnin/iirr nr //rc/s/, ," lo llie lierx' Hind man 

17 



"^'nu ha\(' cariiril ycnir s|)Ui-s as a Majcir ( Iciicral ; Id this day's 
Work will lliciii." l!y these iiiethoils he iired liis lidups with 
enthusiasm and hurled them hke an a\ahiiiclie a>;aiiisl (Uir lines. 
The second line ehised on the (irsi as soiin as the\' were well 
umler hre. and the third line under I'ope less than hall' an hour 
later. The riiiuii lines not yieldiiiLi. Tral)lle's liiiuailenl lireekeii- 
ridt^e's reser\-es was lirouiiht inln aetioii, and linall\' the last two 
reser\-e Kriiiades were lieiiii: lii'dUuhl lurward at '.I o'ehiek when 
the rifilit (if Prentice's l)i^•isi(ln lia^■e wax'. The ('(inl'ederate Torces 
thus massed. |iresse(l fdrward in the most reckless manner, under 
a terrible lire ol' hot h inlant ry .■ind art illery from w hicli they suffered 
fearful losses. The sinlilxnn resislaiice they encountered is self- 
e\"iilent from t he fact of their lieiiii; comiielled to lirini: t heir reserves 
into action so early in the eii<;aii,emeiit . That the coni|iaratively 
raw troops under Sherman and I'rentice r-hoiild lie ahle to hold 
their entire line from o;!.') in !) d'rhirk. ;ind most of it until 1(1 .\. .M.. 
aijainst this fearful assault of vastly superior iiumliers. and inllict 
on tliem losses more I haii doulile their o\\ n, and is'wv t hem a sta.n- 
^iierilii; lilow. from w liich t he\- iie\er recox'erecl. seem^ incre(lilile 
and in such markeil cuntrast with the generally coiicei\'e(l idea 
that our lilies ^a \c awa\- at almost the lirst li|-e of the enem\-. 

In the I'aiiips of the rnioii troops, which the liehels ucit pos- 
session of when the lirst, or Shiloh ('hur(di line uax'e wa\-. were 
several lar^c Sutler's stores, cdiitainiiiii- consideralile ipiaiitities of 
wines and hottleil lii|iiors. and some of t he commissaries had se\-eral 
harrels of whisky aiiion,i;- their stores: and altlioil,i;li the Confederate 
troops hail Keen ordered to take live da>-s' rations when they left 
Corinth on the "Id, the inorniliii- of the (itii found them out of 
rations, liuiii;r\' ami weary from marchin.ii- and w.aiit of sleep, and 
when they came into the I'liidii camps ;iiid i;(it possessimi of these 
stores and hniuors. t hey liroke a w a\ from all con I ml (if 1 heir ollicers. 
and i^reat mimliers liecame so demoralized I hat t hey were not asiain 
a\'ailalile for seiw ice duriiiu the liattle. 

This uiiloi'seeii e\ciit so demorali /.ei I the Conlederate f.irces, on 
this portion of the held, that they were not alile to follow up the 
.■id\aiitaL;c of liaN'iiiL: liroKeii our lirst lines. 

The iie\t au,i:re>,-i\'e niox'emeiit of the eiuaiiN was li\- a lieaxw 
column attacking our exJreme ri^lit in the X'icinity of ()wl ("reek. 
at aliolit II o'clock, which was liandsomel>- repulsed li\' MeCler- 
naiid and Sherman l>\ 1L':".I) 1'. M,. with severe lo» to I he enemy. 

iioilton's I'latteiw was crediled ii\ (leiieral Sherman with reii- 



ili'l-iliLl cliiciclil ami r(iii^|iicl|(ill> sc|-\ici' III M'| jIiIm I il; ||ii> ciiluiilll, 
Ihry luiX'iiiL; Inline IVoiii llii'ir |)iisili(iii on llir l'iinl\ Knad (wlicri' 
Willi llic l.')tli and llilli Inwa liilaiili-\- tlic\ had Inrmcd a ivs(T\i' 
nr >n|i|)(ii-lin,i: liiif l al I lie ,-iiiii;r>l inn u\' Majiir ■|'a\lnr. <iriici-al 
Slicrniaii's Cliirf (.f Anillcrw lo I lie cM iviiic i-iiihl ol llic riiidii 
lines, and I'roiii a ciiniinandini; |)ii,-iliiin were aMc In slirll the 
iMi(Mn\-'s ciiluinii as il ad\anccd mi .Mi-( 'liTiiaiid's riulil , \i'i'y cITcc- 
tiially. 

Al ali'iiit 2 I', M.lhc fiicniN i^allinvd inust i,\' Ins a \ailal ilr 
I'lii'cc I'll!' a final su|)rcnic cITni't in iTiish and liirn mir Ict'l and 
(•a|iUin' llic laiiiliiii;. This line cMcndcd rroiii a lilllc lo Ihr Ici'l 
(if Ihc ('(.rinlli i-nad I., llic Tennessee iti\ci-. 

I ran liai-dl\ hi'lter deserihe lliis sai'iiUiiiary ciinlhrl ihan to 
i|llole ihe lali.miaiie ol' Cnlolii'l Wdllialii rresloii .lolilislon, son ol' 
the Coiil'edeiale ( 'oinniander-in-ehief, in which he -a\s: ■'On the 
I'cderal lel'l center W. 11. L. W allaccan.l iliirll.nl wciv massed with 
I'renlice'- l'r;n;iiielils m a |io-^ilioii so ini| irciiiai ile. and ihrolii^cil 
wilh -ilch liiTce dch-nder> lli.al il won from llic ( "onl'ediTal es Ihe 
ineiiini-alilc lille ol' I he ■■|iorners .\esl." lieiv l.chind a dcn.sc 
Ihickel on the crcM ol a hill wa,- |io.-led a sl|-oiiii h>rcc ol' as h.ard\ 

troo|is as ever I'oiiLihl . :ilnio,-l |ierh'etly ijrolecled li\- llici I'onna- 

lion of the ui-oiliid. ami li\' Iol;s and ol her rude and liasi ily | ire|ia|-ed 
dcl'eiises. To assail ll . an ,i|.cii lleld li;i,l lo lie [.a.-.-cd eiililaded l,\ 
the liiv of lis Ijalleric.-. \o li-uiv of s|ieecli Would he I . >o ^1 I'on.i;- 
lo express ihc deadly ]ieril of assiiall U|ioii Ihis nalili'al fori ress. 
i''or h\e hours. Iirinade after liri,i;ade was led a,>;ainsl il. liiml- 
niaii'- i'>|-lna<lcs which eai-|ier had ,-\\C|il ex'ciwl liinii liel'ore iheiii. 
were rediii'cd lo frai;ineiils and |iaral\v,ed for Ihc i-eniaindci' of 
the dav. 

■•.\ I'. Slcwarl's i-ciiinicnls made fniilless a>suall.-: llicn I'.ra.^.ii 
or<leivd U|i <;il,s,iii's ili-iiiadc. (iil.son Inmsi'lf. a kninlill\' soMier, 
was aided l.\ ( 'oloiiels, I h ree of whom .a flci'W ards liecame ( iciierals. 

The lini;adc made a '.^allanl char.^c. Iml like II I hers recoilcil 

from Ihe hre il eiicoiinlc|-ed : under ,a cross lire of arlilleiw and 
muskelr\'. ll al lasl h'll l);ick wilh verv liea\-\' loss, (hl.son asked 
f'li' arlillcry lo lie seni Iniii, iml n was iiol .al hand, and I '. ra ,>;-,ii 
sent orders lo cliai'uc :m;iili. 'I'hc Colom^ls iholluhl il lio|ieli'SS. 
I>ul ( iilison led I hem :n:aiii lo I he ,al I ack. and ai:ain I lie\' sufhavd 
n lilood\ re|)iilse." ( iiliM.n re|iorlcd making four cliari;es and Io.miih. 
a|i|iro\iiiialel\ . oiic-l hird of In- coinmand. 

I'J 



On Ihis iMirtiim nf tlic tii-ld hclwccn 4 ami •") 1'. M.. (u-iicnil 
I'renticf, witli sdtiic ■_''_'(l() of his (■oiiiniaiul. sunviukMX'd, as some 
clainuMl without ail('<|uat(' necessit\'. 

DEATH OF GEN. ALBERT SYDNEY JOHNSTON. 

(Iciicral .loliiistoii, rcii(lci't'(l almost tVaiitic Ky the repulse ot' 
his iroo|i> at all points, and reali/inii that dercal was ine\-italile, 
as a last desperate efl'orf. led Stat ham's P.rifiade, which consti- 
tuted the last i'eser\'es of his command in a fruitless chariie a.aainst 
tlie left of lluiiliut's Division, in which the\- were icpulsed with 
lu'a\y los>. (General .Johnston receix'inii a wound which caused 
his death. Tliis Hrinade was composed of foiu' Tennessee and two 
.Mississippi Ket^iments; they had ali'eady suiTei-e(l so se^■erely and 
their cause seemed so hoi)eless that they refuseil to make another 
chariie until Isliam (1. Han'is, (Joveriioi' of Tennessee, who was 
ser^•in^ as a \cihnUeer aid on (ieiieral .iolmston's staff, appealed 
to them and promised that (ieneral .lohnston would lead them, 
wluMi I he\- consented to t |-y a^ain. 

The Commander-in-chief of all the Confederate forces and lei-ri- 
l<ir\- west of the .Alleuhanies nnist ha\'e heen in des])erate straits 
indeed, to induce him to lead a charue of a siiiule lii-i,ij,ade, when lu^ 
had a second in command, four corps commandei's. four di\ision 
(•(uninanders. ami sixteen Krii^ade connnamlers pi-eseiit on the field. 

His wdund was not necessaril\- of a serious iialm-e; a mimne 
hall severeil a small artery in the calf of his leu. His son, William 
I'l-eston .lohnston, says: "His woimd was not necessaril\' fatal. 
His o\\ n kiKiwledu^e of military suri;eiy was ade(|\iate foi' its cciiil|-ol 
l)\' an e\lemp<iri/ed t oui'ni(|Uel . had he lieen awai'e or re,i;ardful 
of its nal ure." 

How man\- soldiers ha\'e staunclii'd a much worse wnund hy 
tyinii a handkcri'liief oi' coi'd ai'ound a woumled ai'm oi' limli and 
twistinn it with a i-anu-od oi- slick, ( lenei'al .lohnston foUiiht the 
Battle of Shiloh in sheer despei'at ion. Tlu' loss of lielniont. Colnm- 
l)Us, .Mill .Sprin>;-, Hem'y. Donaldson and Xash\-ille. resulting' in 
the loss to the Coidedei'acy of the Slates of KenHwky and Ten- 
nessee, had cttused him to he se\-erely ceiisui-ed, and his renio\al 
fi'om conunaml h.-id heen i-epeatedl\ re<-ommeiidc 1 and st|-oiiL;l>' 
urui'il, whii-h had rendered his position simpl\- unendur;d ile to one 
of his pi-ond nalni-e. Ilea m-e,u,a r. 1 had :idvi>e.l ,a'i.ainsl li-lil iiiu I he 
halllc heforc leaxinu Corinth, a<;ain al a Council of W;ir, held two 



iiiilo 111 iVdilt uT .nil- line- .-It ■_' o'clock r. M. oil Snliinlav . I he .')tli 
iif ,\|ivil. :i<i:uu lliiil cNr'iinu-. .■iiul llii:ill\ llic iic\l il:i\- wlii'ii llic 
liriiiL; arl iinlly (•(iiiiiiiciiccil, 

Keiianliii.u" tins ni.-illrr. Culiuifl .loliiislnn s:i\s in his ("cntui-y 
arlicle: "It will ic-iilily Ik' pcrcciNcil I,.a\ imicli ( Irnrral I'.caiiri'- 
ii-anl's urucnt (i|j|j(isiti(ih to liu:lilini; inilsl lia\c aililctl In tlic 
\\cii!:lir (if (icncral .l(i|in>l (Hi's rcs|i(insil)ilil y. llcani-c^anl was in 
till' t'ull tide (if ii(i|iular fa\'(ii'. wliilc .lulinston was lalHirinu uiulci- 
ihc Iliad (if |illl)lic (ilil()(|liy and "(liinn. XiilliiiiL!, sliiu-i of cuniiilctc 
and (i\('rwdiclniinu \ictiiry wdiild \iiidicali- liiiii in dilTiTiiii; with 
so famous a (icnc|-al. A |-c\"iTsc. i'\'cn a iiici'cly |iai'lial surccsp, 
would l('a\'c liiin under (•(indeninal ion . " 

He had stated thai he innst win a \icloi\- lo \indicale liiniself, 
as well as for the Confederacy. After ihe l.allle had e(iinnieiired , 
he said repeateilly and ein| ihal irally : "\\C iiiiisl win a \ictory." 

I'lider all t he ('ii'cuinslanci--. is it no I a lial ural inference I hat he 
looked uiioli death a- a welcome relief, and thai his death was to a 
certain extent a \(iluiitar\- act? 

.After (ieiieral l-'orest suriviidereil at .Mem|ihi,- in ISO."), he 
slated ill the |iresence of ( leliel'al Washlnirn and mxself that liefore 
Ihe haltle. (Ieiieral .lohnslon said that he wnuld iiol siir\i\e a 
deteat al Sliiloh, and I'orest expres.sed ihe oiiinioii I hat < Ieiieral 
.lohnslon need not haM' |ierishe(l from his wnuiid had he nol chosen 

Oeneral .lohnstou was a man of undoulileil aliility; he was 
|(i\-e(l and liiiilil\- esteomeil hy ;dl who knew him. few cominaiiders 
could iiis|iir(> their ti-oii|is witli such zeal and conlideiice under ad- 
N'erse (arcuiiislalices as he. 

It set'in- not all uniKilural conclusion that the los- of the llatlle 
of Sliiloh caused Ihe death of (Ieiieral Alliert Svdiiey .lohnslon. in- 
stead of, as freiiueiilly claiiued. that the deatli of .lohii-loii caused 
the loss of Ihe liatlle. 

THE GREAT ARTILLERY DUEL AND 
BOUTON'S BATTERY. 

Boulon's Hatfevy lia\iii,ii lieeii crediteil with takiiiu so iiii]ior- 
lalit a part in the Battle of Sliiloh. a more detailed repoi't of its 
operations seems justilieil than would ol herw ise he the case with 
sii eomparati\'ely insiiiiii licaiil a coinmaiid. 

At a little after '2 1'. .M.. I'.oulon's Hatleiv had moved from the 
extfeme riiiht of Met 'lerii.-iiid's Division hack towards Ihe left 



.■iiul taken :i I'dimiKim liiii; |i(>sili(>ii almiil :i llidiisaiiil \anls in 
lV(.nl (.f llic l.aiKliii- anil a little Id tlie lel'l uf I lie ('(.riiil li iioail . 
llie lii'diliid in IVdlil ^ld|l|n,i; ddWii Idwards I lie beail iif Dill's l\a\'ine. 
In iliis |idsitidli alidUl :;;L'I) \\ .\L llie\' l.ei'aiiie eiiiiaiieil willi a 
IJeliel Hat tery iif (i si\-)i(iuiiile|- nuns ari'd.-s Mill's I la \i lie. w liirh was 
I he eon I men eel I lei 1 1 of w lial was leriiie(l l he '"( Ireat Aiiillery I lllel." 
wiiieli lasted until altef simddwn. lieiiin some lime at'tei- ti:;lit iii^ 
had ceased ..n the rest dt' the held. Tins event was well deserihed 
III the Cliieaiid papers at the lime as I'dihiws: 

".\t ahdtil '.', ['. M.. the rnidii t'dfees were eumpelled I n retire 
Irdin a timliereil ridi^e ahdUt a thinl dl' a mile dUt I'min I'lltsliurj; 
Lalidin.u. Sdine Sllll yards in Irdiil df this rid<;e was the ^reen 
piiint wheri' the Ilamliuriih and l'urd\' Uoads I'diined a jniieliiin. 
Here was eoiieeiit ral<'d a lar^e ('onlederale Idiei'. When the 
I'nidii I'dfces fell liaek t'rdin this nd^e. I'.diildn's Haltery. lia\iii,i; 
a edmmalidiliu' piisitiim. held its Liround and a detaehmeiil iif the 
o.'id Oliid liil'antl'y remained in siippdrtiiii; distanee in llie rear, 

"If Ihe Cdlifederates j^ailied the rid.^e their ,i;ims eiiiild sweep 
the Laiiiliiit:, and iiitei'\cniim space. Tlie fate df the rnidii .\iin\' 
eentereil nn this ridnc lieinii held until niuhl. dr until Huell eaiiie. 

".\ Reliel li.atfery (if (i six-pdimder i^uiis hink pcisitmn well in 
front and dpeiieil lire at aliinil (iOII yards distant dii I'xiuldii's left 
front, w liieh was promptly answered. .-Ml other firinjj, in I he \ieini- 
t\' seemed for the time suspended, and interest centered in the 
result between the two opposinu; liatteries. .Mter the t hiinderini; 
conibat had rajied liot and furious for half an lidtu', a Mississippi 
Battery of four ri-pounder howitzers took posilion and opeiiecl 
fire on HdUton's ri,a;ht froiil at short i-ani;c, thus liriiii^in^ him under 
a liea\\' eniss lire, j-ioutoli then wheeled his ri<iht section of twd 
nuns under I'irst Lieutenant Iiarr\' Hniicrs. and brdUuht it Id 
hear on the Mississippi liattery and answered their tire shot for 
shot. 

"Botli batteries failinu to dri\'e him from tli<' ridne, .lacksou's 
Brigade (if Missis.sipjii Infantry cli.arned his ballerx in front, ad- 
vancing between tlie Iwo baltei-ies on the rinlit and left as before 
stated. This charge was mel with ,nuiis double sholled with can- 
ister which sent them back in broken .lisordei. The finht between 
tlie batteries W(Mit on until the approach of night, just as I'.ouldii 
tired his last round of ammunition. Then he fell bai-k to the main 
line in front of the Landing, taking off two guns (one disabled) 
by hand with the ai<l df men frdui the 'y'.'«\ ( >liid. the hiirses on these 
23 



liiiii^ liciiiii all killcil. I'.iiuldn's l'.;ittci>- IkuI liccii rcpdilcil ca]!- 
till'cd sdiiic twi) lioiirs liciurc, :iiiil wlicii lie Iiu'IkmI up all rii;lil . 
and it was asccvf aiiK'il llial lir liad sui-ccsslull\- held llic ridiic 
a,i;aiiis( such tearful odds, such a chcci- cif li-iuni|ih was ai\eii as 
made the welkin rinj;. ll meaiil \ictiiiy for the niori'dw . 

■■'I'he next da\' with \\\c j^uns re-su|)|)lie(l with ainniunit i(in, 
l'>c)Utiin's liattery made a dash acniss an old cdllun lield. under 
a terrilic Ki'e (if both infantr\- and artillci\ ami (iccupied and held 
a iKisition fi'iim which two liallei'ies had lieen successfull\' dri\-eii, 
and wit h canister at short i-aiii^e matei-ially aideil in di'ivint:; l>reck- 
enrid,t;e from nearly the same i^i-dund iiccu|iied !)>• Sherman's 
|li\isi(iii at the ciimmencenieiil of the liattle." 

Just as the l'.n,i;atle of Infantry wasalioiit to (diar^e t he hat tery , 
Majoi' llanunond. (lenei'al Sheinian's Ailjutaiit (lenei-al. rode 
hastih' U|i to Captain lioiilun ami told him to take his liattery 
to the rear and sa\c it while he could, or it would he captured in 
ten nnnutes. As the lialter\ did not follow him to the rear he 
supposed it had been i-aplured and so reported. In front of the 
Landin,<.i there was a tiap m the I'nioii lines of some two thousand 
yards. Sheinian and McClei-nand on the lijilit , with Hui'lliut. 
W. 11. L. Wallace and fraiimeiits of I'lentice's Division on the left. 
This was the key to the situation, and was held hy Houton's 
l'>atter\' and some small detachments of infantry, the iirincijial 
one Ijeliin.^inii t<i the 'I'.Ul Ohio, which is entitled to great credit 
hir assisting in holding this important position. Had Major Ham- 
mond's suggestion lieen heeded and the liattery withdrawn, the 
enemy wciuld have attained the lidge and his guns could sweep 
the handing, enaliling him to easil\' capture the I'nion trans]Kirt8 
and sloi-es and ]ire\i'nt liuell's commaml iVoui crossing tlie ri\-cr, 
,-is well as lo Hank llurlhul and W . II. I.. W allace on the right and 
Shei-m.aii and .Mc( lernand on the left, therehy placing tlie Tniou 
.\iiii\ at I he close of the lii'sl ila>- in aliout as disasti'ous a condition 
as that descrilied 1 ly ( leneial liuelh ( ieneral Mragg seemed fully 
aware of the weakness of the I'nion lines at this ]ioint and of irs 
importance, as he diii'i'ted coiilinuous el'foHs for its i-apture for 
some two hoiu's aftei- fighting hail ceased on the rest of tlie field. 

In the .Vi-tdlei\- Kui'l. I'xiutoii's I'.atteiy fiiv<l .")4(l I'ounds of 
ammumtion, lieing more than repoi'ted li\' any other Union Hat- 
li'iy during the entiiv hattle. This liattery expending during 
the two days hgliting l."i7ll I'ounds, the next liighest number 
reporteil was by Washington .Artillery No. 'i, of New Orleans, 
24 



Willi wliicli lioliliiii's I'.ntlci'X' was lur sniiic liiiic cii^^iucil, 7'-':! 
riniiitis; tlicii'> were iiii»ll\- (i-|Miiiiii| | i|-()jcrl ilcs, while I'.ciuliin's 
.hiiiics IJillo llircw I l-|M,uii.l |.|-.Mccli],-,-,. Ccii.Tal llallr,-k slali'd 
lliat ill Ills (>|iiiii(>ii IIMKI men saNcd llie day at Sliiloli. iiiusl (■dii- 
s|iieuiilis in llie iminhei- was I'liiiitdii 's liattery ol' Cliieaiin. 

NOTE-Thf lace Supem.r Jude,- Filrgetald wa< ,i memher ol Ja, kson's B„«ade. and slalfd 
ihal lh<- foregoing descnplion ol llie gre.il aclijleiv duel is subslanlially correct. 

CONFEDERATE TESTIMONY. 

Ill speaking; iif t!ie |Misiti(iii uj' IhiiiIuh's llatlery, mi llie ridi^c 

(II- knoll, Sunday allern i, Cnl •! S. 11. l.i.ckell . Cliiel' l•:n,^illeel■ 

(III ( loneral Kraii.ii's stall', sa\'s: "In mir I'niiii niily tiiie siiiiile |)niiil 
was slidwiii";' liulit, a liill ci'iiwiied wilh .A n illery . 1 was with 
(ieiieral l>i-aii,i;- and nide with liiin aloii;;' the fnnit (if this ciiriis. 1 
heard him sa\' i)\cr and ii\cr a.^aiii, '()ne mure eliari^e. ni\- men 
and wc will calituie tlieiii all.'" 

Cdldliel .Mexalider Koliert ( 'hi'ishdlin . .\i(l-(le-cam|i dii (ieiieral 
Ueaiire.navd's slalT, fehTi'iiii; tn the same matter sa\s: "I'dssilily 
had ( 'dldiiel .lull list (111 (mcaiiiiii; ( 'dliinel William 1 'rest on .Idhnstdii ) 
lieeii present mi the held at that last limir dt' the iiattle of llie lilli, 
a witness nf the actual fruitless efi'drts made to storiii the last. 
position held liy the enemy, mi the ridi;e ci iN'eriiii: the landini; 
known as ritlsliurii, he ini^lit he lietter iiiformeil as to wli\- it 
was that the piisitidii was not carruMl and he less dispo-^eil to 
adduce such testimmiy as that (if (leiier.al liraui; td the el'fct that 
hut fdf the (irder .ij;i\'en hy Heaure^anl Id withdraw from aclimi. 
he would ha\e carried all hefore hini." 

In i-efereiice tn iJmilmi's llatlery in frmit (if the Laiidin;; Sunday 
ni.uht. (Iciieral (Irani in his repdrl of ,\pril '.1. l.ShL', as puhlished 
mi I'auc iD'.t. \dl. ill. liecor.ls of the Ueliellimi, sa>s: ".At a late 
hour ill the afleriiooii a. desperate elfoit was made h>' llie (.■iiemy 
Id turn dur left and uel possessimi of the landini!,, Iransporls, etc. 
This |ioint was iiiiarded h>- the <;un-hoats. Tyler and Lexiimlmi . 
Caplains (linn and Shirk cmiimandiiiii, four I went y-pminder 
rari-dtt nuns and a hattery (it rille ^uiis, etc.. elc." The I'arrdls 
W(>re Sih'erspar's and (ieiieral (Irani was ikiI then aw.arc that 
their mily fiiinii: had heeii fdr drill and pra.ctice. 

It is an undeliiahle fact lli.at the enem\- were clieckeil Suiidav 
liiulit in frmil (if the L.andiiiL:: hy Mmiimi's l'.aller\-, siippdi'ted 
hy mil\' ahout I'lll men of the Odd Ohio Infantry, smiie l."i men of 
the 4(ith Ohid. and some S or 111 df the Otli Iowa. 



'I'lic Uclicl I'mir-iiUii li:iUcr\' with which Iidutoii's foiijiht the 
Hieiit .•ii-tiUcfv ilucl \\;is sii ih>;ilil('il that tlii-cc (if tlieir ,i;uiis wpiv 
casilv capturt'il l>y Mi'('lci'iiaii<r.-< l>i\isi(in the next iiKiriiiiifj,, ami 
the six-gun liattcrv left fi\(' nl' ihcif uuiis on the held, wiiirli wefc 
taken possession nf hy Xel^nn's I)i\isi(in, next inni'inng, tlieir 
horses being praetiraUy all l<illcil. 

On the second day after the encounter with Jireckenridge's 
forces previously mentioned, an ollicer on (ieneral ^IcCook's staff 
requested Bouton's Battery to go over to their assistance on the 
left, statins; that iMcCook liad left his artillery in crossing the river 
and that there was a hattiM'}- in his front doing much harm. It 
was an Alahania Battery of (i six-pounders, which Bouton's 
Battery encountered at short rang(\ with a flank hre of canister, 
which soon silenced them, and killing so many ol their horses 
that they did not save a gun and were easily captured by McCook's 
Division, Bouton's Battery not losing a man or a horse in this en- 
counter. 

The members of Bouton's Battery deemed this an easy task, 
but felt quite elated on learning that one of iiuell's Regular bat- 
teries luul Ijeen compelled to .•liiandon this position. 

(ieneral Buell in his report, as shown on Page 294. \'ol. 111. 
l{ecords of tlie Rebellion, speaking of the matter, says: "Captain 
Terrill, who in the meantime had taken an advanced position, was 
compelled to retire, leaving one caisson, in which every horse was 
ki led or disabled." 

General Bue 1 reported captm-ing 20 guns at Shiloh. He omitted 
to state, however, that eleven of them had been rendered hel])less 
and harmless liy Bouton's Battery. 

In speaking of Bouton's Battery. ser\ing with McCook's Division 
the second day. General Gibson, then Colonel commanding the 
Sixth Brigade, says in his rejiort. dateil .Shiloh, April 10. 1862: 
"('a])tain Bouton. with his Chicago R.att(M-y. reached the ground at 
this juncture, and after silencing the enemy's battery, which had 
been annoying my left . moved (|uickly to the left of the Fifteenth 
Ohio and opened on the batteries, which hail u]) to that time, 
harassed that regiment an<l the 'riiirty-ninth Indiana. The 
enemy's guns were (juickly silenced and Cajitain Bouton has my 
warmest thanks for the aid so skillfully and gallantly rendered." 

General Grant reported that 200 artillery horses were killed 
in the Army of the Tennessee at Shiloh, 54 of this number were 
killed in Bouton's Battery. 

26 



l^dUhm's iiallci-y was ihi1 assiuiicil In any l)i\isi(iii, Inn I'dul^IiI 
nil ils ()\\ II liiKik at Shiloh. scrviiii; with Slicniiaii. I 'rent ire. McClcr- 
iiaiid ami lliirllnit llic lirst ilay. and Slicriiian. McClcnianil and 
McCdiik llic scciiiid da\ ; \cl its actimi was nnl rc|n)i1cd jiy any 
l)ivisi(iii Ciinniiaiidcr, liul was niciil iniicil iniadciitaliy ]i\ all nf 
tlicni. 

LOSS IN BUELL'S ARMY, APRIL 6th. 

A little licfurc suiiildWii on the cvcniim of the (itli, just as 
.lacksdii's liriiiadc was alxnit Idi-liai^c i'loutDii's I'lat tci'y , Aniiiicn's 
HriiiMdp (if Xclsdii's l)i\isi()n nt' Hni'lT- Arni\ rainc nii tlir licld 
and tudk pnsilidli t(i the rear and left nf the liattrry. HiTc Cap- 
tain ( larrich of t lir .'Uitli Indiana Infaiiti-y . which w as on t he i-iiih 1 
of Aliinii'ii's liriiiailc. was killrd by a shrll friiin the liatlcrx' on 
Houtoii's riiiht fi-oiit, and w hrn .hu-ksoii's i'>i-inadc chai-.ucd the 
lialtrry one soldiri- was killed and one Wounded in the same iei;i- 
nielll, ((/((/ tlicsr roiistiliili lln Inhil Inss in liiidl's iiniil/ ill Shilnh 
thill ilin/. 

WEBSTER'S HEAVY ARTILLERY. 

Din-iliii the da>. Sunda\ the (itii. Colonel .1^ I ». Wehslei-. Chief 
of (leiieral Crant 's staff. Imill a line of l.icasi works of loj^s anil 
dirt from the ri\'ei' in a semi-eii'ele aroimd acidss the Coiinlh 
lioad. some 200 yards nut from the Landiiii;. and placed some 
sixteen old liea\'y iron sie,ue .mins lieliind it. that wei-e imperfectly 
ei|uipped and never manned except liy some incomplete details 
of undrilled men jiatliered from the skulkers at the L:indinn. 
The i^uiis had no platforms and the ui'oimd w\-is so wet and soft 
that if these iiuns hail lieen fired once llieii' ponderous weight 
would lia\i' sunk them to the axle-tree with tiie recoil, and they 
could ne\'er lia\e lieen fired a second time. Captain SiUerspar's 
Battery consisliim- of four t went v-pounder I'ai'fott liuns had jus! 
arrived without horse>. Colonel Welisl er placed these !j;uns liehind 
the left of the line of lireaslworks next to the river. During the 

aftei'i II Captain SiK'erspar. desiriim to di'iU and practice his 

men in Hrinu. Colonel Welislei- allowed him lo lire some twelve 
to sixteen shells with i^uns at a liii^h ele\-ation. and turned well 
to the left so as lo clear our men in front, and these wen the oiilv 
artillery shots tired from the Landiiii; during the liatlli'. 

When Adjutant (leiienil .1. A. Itawlins .and Colonel .Mcd'herson 
left I'itlsliuru Laiidin,- hy direction of (ieiieral (!r;int, at aliout 



■_' I'. M., to ^(1 ami fiml l/'w Wallace ami fry to Imn-y liiiii up with 
his 1 )i\isi(iii, ("iiliiiicl Wi'lislcr was jiisl i_ictliii<j, liis lica \\ \j'i!:niis 
up the Mul'f. TIk'IT was no other arlilleiy iieai' the Laiiililiii: 
except Silvei'spar's I'aiTol 1^'. On i-elunuui;- iieai' suikIowii, just. 
before iTossing Snake ('re<>k, (lenei'a! Rawlins sa\s in liis i-epoi1 , 
as published on I'a.^e IS7. \nl. 1(1, lieconls of the liebellioii: 
"About this time the artillery lii'inn at Pittsburg' l.andin;;' be<'anie 
teriific. anil wx' who hail been there knew that it was our 
heavy iiuns, ami llial the eneni\' lial attained a nearness to the 
ri\'er thai hlled oui- nhiids with tei'rible appi-ehensions of the 
fate of the bi-ave arni\- that had been hghting a,iiainsl such fearful 
odds and without int eiinission from early morninu." When 
(itaieral Rawlins ari'i\ed on the held at dark, he met some Xoi'lh- 
ern ne\\s[ia]ier men at ( ieiieral McClernand's Headquarters, and 
told them of the enemy's beiuLi; checked at the lanilin^ by Web- 
ster's line of heavy artillery, and so the re[iort went abi-oad. and 
has remained unconi n Acrted to this da\' so far as I am awure. 
This was at the time Routon's Ratfery was ha\'inii its hottest 
liiiht with the two Rebel Ratlei'ies, and it was a \'ei-y natural mis- 
take for (ieneral Rawlins to make. 

The fact is Colonel Webster's siege guns ne^■er fired a shol , 
Xeithei- (Jeneral (Irani or Colonel Webster ever claimed that Ilii'V 
did. and there was ne\-ei- a Rebel in sight of them except as a 
prisoner of war during the battle. 

That night at dark, when we fell back to tlie Landing. Colonel 
Websler showed me his line of breastworks, and stated that he 
did mil expei't much f|-om the old siege guns, but ihouglit I hey 
would ha\'e a good moi-al effect on our raw troops, and that the 
breastworks would be a\-ailable were we connielled to fall back 
to that point. 

NOTE; -Since ihe close of ihe war. bolh General Sherman and General J. D Web.ler have 
expressed the opinion ihal slalemeni o( the condilion of affairs in front of ihe Landing al the close 
of the first day's battle as contained in this paper was substantially correct. 

EFFECTIVE STRENGTH OF THE 
CONTENDING FORCES. 

( leneral Rragg I'eporteil the sirength of the Confederate forces 
Ihal marched from Coi-inlh on .\pril IM. as agiii-egate present 
411. 444. with effective ]>resenl for ilut\- oS,773. The (ith Kentuid^y, 
Wharton's Texas Ran.gers. Clan ion's Regiment, McClei'g's liattery, 
Hill's' Tennessee Regiment, 1st Mississippi Cavalry, R.rewer's 
28 



i')al1aliiiii, ('(ix"s llall:ilniii,.li'iikiii'> I'.nl I alioli. LiniL-ay 's I '>at taliuii . 
l!iil)iii's Hattalioii. Tiimliirs ('a\alr\-. I)iicaiis (Uianl l>al lali(iii. 
('(iliiiicl Hates' I'd 'rciilicssci' liiralilry, (llicrc liciliL; 1 \vn I'l 1 rc^i- 
mriils (iT 'r(Miiic~~('c Iiifaiil i'>". line in 1 lanlci"'-- ('nrps. and (nic in 
I 'oik',- ( 'ul-|is 1. and < iiMii-^ia 1 )ra,ui ion-, alx i a i-c^iiiiriit rnun Arkan- 
sas, that wci-c l-c|i(irtcd hi lia\c joinril tlic( 'i nitVdiTalc fni'ia's altcl' 
l('a\ in^Cijiinl h. \\ri-c not inchidcil in I In- i-c|ioi-I tVoni wliicli ( icnci-a 1 
\'>\-:\iXii obtained hi- aui;rei;ale -li-eiiiilh. 'i'hese Re^inients, iiallaU 
ion- and l'>allel-\- wel'e estimated to nuniiier Ci.tdll elTeeti\'e. 

Inlliieiiced liy I he a|>|ieal- of ( 'leniTal- .lohnslon ami l'>eaU|-e- 
uard and I he < iox'enors of d'enne-sei\ .M i--issi| i|ii , .Maliani.a . < leorL'ia 
and Louisiana, many men hail joined iheii' IViends and neiirhiioi-s 
m the Conl'eilerati' Uei;imelits wilhoul Ikmiil!, muslereil of lioi'ne 
on ihe I'olls. and \\e|-e not uniloi'meil and wei'e only armeil with 
shotiiinis. Iiiintin<: nlle- and old Iiai-]ief',- l''ca'f\- imisket- thai h.ad 
-ceil sefxice ill 1 he .\le\ietin W'af. 

Celiei-al MeClei-nalid claimed that the ( 'olilederat e.- hadlull\ 
•").""i.ll(l(l at the rominelH'eineiit of the liattle. and received coiisiiU 
tilile re-eiiforceinetits afterwards: so that it is cevKain that lieaiire- 
;;ard's >lalenient of 4o.(ll)() elTective force was likely to lie tinder 
r.ather than iixcr the actual slreiiiith. X'artous Ci mfederate olli- 
cer- made statemeiil- of their streimlh at .'-^hiloh. hut no two alike. 

'I'he h\-e l»i\isioii- of (ieiieral llvaiil's .\riny that part icipateii 
111 the liattle of till' tit h -hiAved a lot a I a;ii; rebate |iresent accordin- 
lo the returns of .\|inl Ith and .'it h of MT.ol'S. 

(Ieiieral Shei-inan e-timated the elTecli\e -treiiLith at .TJ.IKId. 
.and (Ieiieral (Ir.ant at .'i.'l.llllll : iiichidiiiii some im.assiLined troo|is. 
:;:!.(l()ll was utidoulitedl\ a .-afe I'sliniale. 

( »f I Ins torce (Ieiieral Sherniali estimated that Is. ()()() were lit 
for dut\- the next d,a\\ .and (Ieiieral (Iraiit |ilaced llie nnmlier at 
17.(10(1. .\s inaii\ of the men who had liecome deiiioiali/.ed eaii\ 
ill the da\' on the (ith. had recoxcred from their panic durilii; the 
niuiit and rejoined their coimnaiid-. (Ieiieral Sherman'- estiinati' 
of IS, (1(111 \\a- imdolllitei||\- the more lieali)' correct one. 

If there was deinorah/at ion anioii,^ the riiioii foi'ces the first 
daw it \v.a> -till i:realer in the Confederate rank-. 'I'he '2'\ .\rkaii- 
sas was reported li\' ( 'oiifeih'ral e ollicers to liaxc liecome demoral- 
i/ed liefore t liev h.ad liafdlv lired a \oll,-v. 'i'lieir lo-e- ill killed, 
wouiideil. missiiii; .and -t r.aiiLiha'- were much i;re.aler than ours, 
.as no Confederate alllhorilx pl.aced iheii- los- (he lir-t <la\ .al les> 
than half (heir lorce. (Ieiieral I '.e.a urei;ard -tale,- in his reiuirl of 



A|iril 11. as sliowii (.11 l'a,u,c I'.'.H . \'(il. 10, l!i.conls of flic Pvclielliou, 
llial (111 .Mduilay iKit L'd.lKKI men cdulil he hrou^iilit into actiim. 
'i'lic ('(iliffMlcTatc losses tidiii all sources tlic first day lieiiiii,' 2."),()(H). 
or .'is |ier cent, of tlicii' entiic slrcnulli. while the losshy the Ai'iiiy 
(if the 'rennessee was 1. "),(!( Id, (-(lual lo 4.') per cent, of their lUiniliers. 

llurinu the niu,ht of I he (ilh. ( lencral (irant's forces had lieeli 
su|i|ilied with ainniiinition and rations, had rciMAcreil fi'oni their 
panic aiul deinorali/atioii .-ind reformed I heir lines, and on the 
inoriuni; of the 7th. were in much het I er condition 1 lian t he\- had 
heeii hefore (hirm.ii the lialllc. and had neither Wallace nor P.uell 
arri\'ed. would ha\-e .i^aiiicd a com|ilele \icl(ir\-. .\1( houuli llierc 
was hal-d fii^lit in.^- on the 7lli. the ( 'oidederales were li.uhliiiii lo 
i;ct away, and if allowed lo do so wnulil lia\'e iindoiil itcdly retired 
wit lioiit liriiiii a ,iitiii. 

(leneral Bra.nii in his report of .\pi'il SOth. says of the tinhtinK 
on the second da>-: "<)ur Iroops c\haiiste(l hy da\s of incessant 
fatiiiue. hllliirer and w.alil of rest, and ranks thinne(l hy kille(|. 
wdinidcd and strauulers fought lira\-el\-. Imt with the want of that 
animation and s])iril which cliai'acleri/.ed Iheni the |)i'ecee(lini; 
day." Many ( 'oidede|-ale ollicers descrihed the situation of their 
army in still more (les]ioiidcnl tei'ins. 

THE PROPORTION OF ARTILLERY AT SHILOH 

The proportion of ai'tillcry was greater at Shiloh than in any 
other imporlant hattle i-eporled in histoiy. < )ne ,i:;tiii to 1(1(10 men 
had usually lieeii consi(lere(l a fair proportion of artillery liolh 
in laiidpe and Aiiieiica. 

.\t Hull l!un. the fii>t impoi-lanl hattle of I he war. .M(d)owcll 
had I 7.(i7() men and L.'4 uuns. heiiiii one i!:un lo 7'i(i men. Anlielam 
was considered remarkalile for I he j;reat aluouiit of artillery in 
the 1 nion .\rniy, the pinporlioii heiiiL; approxinialely one ^ini 
lo .■■)(iO men. 

.\l Shiloh. the Arm\- of the 'rennessee had ll.'hOOO men and 2:-! 
Iiallcries, numherin^ l.'v4 i^uns. Iieinn a .nun lo '_'4(i men. 

4'he Coihederates had I."). 0(1(1 men. I'.l liatteries. nunil ierin,!j; 
110 ,!j;uns. alioul one niiii lo 4(1!) men. The majorily of Iheir 
nuns wci'e smooth si \-| loimders. while leu and fourleeii-pounder 
rilles coiisl i I tiled ncarh oiiedialf of I he liuiis in I he ruioii .\rni\ . 



A LUDICROUS EVENT. 

Ill lalliu^ii Wark fniiii llir lir~t line tit Sluldli Clnircli in t Ik- 
I'urdy l{(iail. a iim-t luilnTdU- (■\"i'iil ocriirrcil. wliicli lia> liccii \ar- 
i(iiisl\- (Icsrrilicil liy liolli riiimi and ('(inrcilrral r aul lidri I ics. 

'riuTc \va> ill l'rciilici''s l)i\i~iuii and (irrii|i\iiiu a |i(»iliiin near 
the I'iulit (iT \]]- line a liallcvy (■(iin|in--iMl n( raw llutrluiicn, IicIhiil;- 
iiii; t(i llir '_M llliiiiii- .\|-tillcr\' coinniaiidcd l)\- Caiilaiii Swariz 
and IviKiwii a> S\\arl//> Uatti'i-y. In rci ii-iiii; llicx' liati liinlicrcil 
t(i till' front and iiiadc a Icl't wlicci tn tlir ivar. and in doinii >n. 
one ni the miii< had lu.-kcd anmiid a urccii nak ti-cr. alMiin a I'ihiI 
in diameter, wlnrli came liai'd and lasl auain>l the a\le-iree. 
Iietweeii tlie ,i;lin ami the wheel. 'I'he hullets were ilyinu |il-ett\ 
llnck, and the yt'>\ <>i the liatteiN had ^(||le In the rear, and ihi^ 
mm with nil one l)llt the |i(i-liUiolis on the linr>es. lel'l liehilid. 
'riic'\- lav Hat on their hor-c'- to avoid the Inillet- and \\hi|i|ie.l 
and -|imred their lior-e-- with all their niiiiht. holleriiiu •■.\roii,-lil 
.Vroush!" to them without dariuL: to look liaek to >ee whal w a.< 
tlie matter. It was .-o coiiiie.al that il rai-ed a ;ireal -lioiit of 
lauiiliter front the soldiers in slight, not w ilhslandim; I he serious 
n.at ure of t he -tirronndiiii;-. I'inallx' --(jme eaimoiieer- from a not her 
liallery went and tmlimliereil ihe ijun. eleaied il from the tree. 
Iinil)ered il up, and the\ rejoined thi'ir liatler\-. which went ]iart 
wa\' to the left of Slierman's |)i\ision on ihe riird\- lioad. and 
sto|i|ie(l and slooil |ierfectly -till, and the Keliel- i-aliie il|i and -lir- 
roimded and ca|ilnred the eiilire liatterx' wilhoiu hriiiu a shot. 
( 'a I It a in S\\arl z. ho\ve\"er. rode off and came oxer to ( ieneral Slier- 
man and said; ■■\\('ll. (ieneral. ni\' hattery liees all <;oiie." The 
( Ieneral s:iii| : ■'What! iKnexmilosl your uuiis?" .-^wa ft z replied ; 
■'\'es. my l;uiis is .all i;one." "Well, you spikeil them, did you?" 
llie (leiier.al asked. Swartz. with apparent astoiiislinienr says: 
"W hat. spike ihe iiUlis! Spoil fhem nice iitllis!" Hi' had a splen- 
did iiattery of liriuht new .lame- rilles. 'I'hi'X" were recaptured 
ne\l da\'. anil the lialler\ wa- a.-s|;^neil in lluiiliuf's 1 )i\i-ii iii. 
llurlliill called ihe lialler\ his Iradin- -lock, and would otter lo 
trade them with ol her ('ommanders for any regiment- or liallery 
they had, the same a- Imys trade iackni\es, unsij^hl ami Uliseen. 

CONFEDERATE CASUALTIES. 

l'"our da\s .afler the li.allle, on the 1 1 I h of .\pril. ( h-neral lle.ail- 
reuard re|iiiried 1 .Tl'". killed, N.dll' wounded and '.l.">'.l mi-sinu. 
P>\" whal theor\ or on what basis oj' informalioii he .arrixcd ;il 



tlif'Sf totals seems liaril in (leteniiiiie. As the Coiifeilerate Recdi'ds 
slidW that at tlie tiiiie oT iiiakiiiii this ii-purl hut L'- (if tlie 115 
( '(iiiiiiiaiiilers of Re<j:iiiieiits, liallahniis ami Batteries that ]>ar- 
tici|ialeil in tlie liattle hail ma le aii\ re|i;irts at all. ami of these hut 
ele\-eii luel re|ioi'teil any casualties, with the exception of one 
l)i\ision ( "oniniamlcr, who made no icport of casualties, no Kri- 
i^a'le l)i\-ision oi' Coi'ps Commamlei- hail made any repoi'l a( alL 
Ahout the most aut hcnl ic |-cpoil of casuall ii's was made hy Wilham 
I). Lyels. Melical Dii'ecior of I lii. Isl Corps on April 17th. six 
da>'s after Bi^aurc^ai- I's i-ep>i-|, |)i-. Lyels sax's of his report: 
"1 lia\-e colleclel it from a crude mass of iVL^'imenl al reports. 
I liey in many iir-<tances licim^- nearly unintelliiiihle ; I cannot, 
iherefore. pretend the one I suhiuil, diii,'eslel as it is from such 
sources, is acciu'ate." Acconipan> inn the report is a foot uole. 
sayinu: "The mcmoranilum enclosed with the original consists 
of a muninal and pal'tlx- illruihle list of ollicci-s. killeil and wounded, 
and a slimming up prohahh' of lolals. ollicei's and men, of .'JS.S 
kille 1 and l.'.ISl wounded." 

As ( leneral .Sherman says in Ins memoirs: "Reports and re- 
turns were not the fashion in that Aiauy. and I'lealireuard's report 
of casualties is hardly entitled to lie considi'red otherwise than as 
a \er\' had nuess." Wdien Bi'aurei;ard made his I'eport of 1 ,7-'> 
killed, ( lenei'al Shei'maii said that thai many oi- more had heen 
huried in front of his .-ind Mcrieniand's l)i\'isions. In these two 
di\isions. the olliceis in chai'^e of liui'\ini!; the dead had heen 
directed to keep an account ol the munlier hui'ieil, and Captain 
liarix' iui,t;( rs, Lieulenalil l.ansini'; and m\'self made a inenioi'an- 
dinn of the mindiei' ol' Cmd'eili'i'ales i-epoiied hy these oflicers, 
wlni'li amounted to 1 ,7d"i. I'ull\' one-foui1h heinu,' in citizens' dress 
with no pi-eteiise of uniform. 

NOTE: - On page 367 o( h.s memoirs, reternng lo Beauregards reporl of tlie number of Con- 
federates killed at Shiiofi General Grant says, "this estimate must be incorrect, we buried by 
actual count, more of the enemy's dead in front of the Divisions of McClernand and Sherman 
alone than here reported, and 4000 was the estimate of the bunal parties for the entire field." 
The foregoing statement of General Grant did not come to my notice until after my Shrloh paper 
was prepared. 

In his official report dateil .\piil 1(i. 1,S(;'_>, ( leneral Nelson 
of I'.ueU's Army, stales thai his |)i\isioh huried IIS rnioli soldiers 
and L'-lli liehels. ddiere were I .70 1 rnioli soldiers killed at Shiloh, 
.and wilhin our lines there were i'ei'tainl\- nian\' more Coid'ederate 
Ihan riiioii ilead. .Ml aulhorities .anree on this poinl. ami I here 
were more ilead Kehels oiilside oiir lines ih.an wilhin, ('icneral 
.McClernand. in his. idicial reporl of.\piil lllh, IS(;L',says: "With- 



ill a raiilus of ■_'(l(l > anls df iii> li('ail.|Uai1('is >n\,n- 1 .")(l .lead Ixidies 
were left on tlir ficM, I he |i|-(ii>iiil khi nf Kclicl;-' li. rnmn liciii,^- almut 
three to ciiie. 

Oil Ihc lel'l (if llic riii.iii liiir 111 froiil (>r Ihc "lliiriicrs Xcst ," 
wlicrc su many :'ssail!l,- (Hi 1 1 iirll ml '- and W. II. I.. Walhirc's 
I )i\'isii]iis were iikhIi' mi SundaN all criiiMiii . anil were rai-li lime 
repulsed with liea\>' li'--> while iiiliietinu slii^iil hiss (in l!ie I'liidli 
lr(i(i|is il i-erlaiiil\ l(i(ike(l as iIkhiliIi ihere were li\'e (lea(! in (ira\' 
Id (ine 111 lUlie. 

Twice the iiiiiiilier re|idr!eil liv 1 leaiireua rd Wdilld lie an under 
estimate (if llie dead hd'l (in the lield at Slnhili 1 1\- I he < 'diiledera I e 
Army. The |irili(i|ial ( "dihederale ll(is|iital wa- est aliiished sdine 
dislaliee IVdin Sliihili (in Ihe ('(irintli Itdaih so tlial mans oi' the 
Wdun(le(l had t(i ,i;(i three td I'dur miles liefdre receixiiii; iniMliead 
treat II lent , w liieh (aist many li\ es. The f(iad iVdiii Shihih Id ( '(iriiit h 
was .Nirewn X'.ith dead liddies and fresh made i;ra\(--. 

Ill and ana. lid Cdrinth were sdiiie lll.IMM) Cdiilederale t;ra\'es. 
and citi/eiis and inisdiiers re|i(irte(l thai fully 1 (lOil dt iheiii were 
men who had lieeli Wdimded at Shihili. 

Wh"!i Sherman's Dixisinn entered Ilclly Sprigs in .lillw IML', 
lhe\- finiiid 1,1(11) fresh ^raN-es, ihal eili/ens re|Mirle(l were ihdse 
(if inei, Udimde.l al Shiidh, wild had lieeli lir(ill-hl Id ih" hds|iital 
Ihere fl'diii Shiidh. I'wd \'ears latel' while eamiiiiiu ;il lidllv 
S|iriii;is with my l>ri;;ai!e for a few days I made lii\' head(|narters 
with l)r. lidimer. a lea'liliii citizen. wIki had lieeii in char.^-e (if 
the Cdnh'derale 1 l(i~|iil ,ils at that |ihiee, and wild (a iri'dlidral ed 
Ihe ali(i\c statement. Manx" XMUmded were assisted hack Id 
('(irinlh liy their cdinrades. and |iut (in cars and sent td their 
hdines, where I he\- (lie(| frdiii I heir injuries. Init iIkmi' iitimliers 
can ne^a•|■ lie ascerl ailie(|. The characler (if the Wdiind.^ reeei\'e(l 
liv the Cdlhederale Sdldiers was much liKire se\-ere than li\- the 
rnidii Sdldiers, as many riiidli siildiers' Wdimds were ffdiii iiiick- 
shdl. and were lidl (if a -erinils iiatlliv: while the ( 'dihederal es 
were itijiire(l liy the hea\\' iiiimne lialls frdiii Slirmnlield and 
hailield rilles, (ir s|ie||> and cani-ler fruin ihe artille|-\-; and (iwin;;- 
Id the ina(le(|Uac\- nf lidspilal accdiniiK ida I imis, medical sup|ilies 
and appliances, and the e\cevM\cly hdt weallier llial f(ill(iwe(| 

sddii after I he I lal I le, I he i'at alit ies ,• nu t he Cdiih-dera t e Wdimdeil 

were >d e\ces>i\c. lliat rre.-idelit .leHerMUi Daxi- urdered ;ili 
imcslinatiiin. ilispeclidii and repdft dii the 1 llli (if .lime fdlhiw iiil;. 

33 



Ill ilisrussiiiii tlie Confcilcralc losses at Sliiloli with (leiicral 
Slicniiaii after the chise of the war. lie expressed tlie o|)inioii 
tliat at tliat time the>' were so shirk in the matter of miistei- roils, 
reports ami returns that il wiuilil lia\c lieen impossible to know 
how iuaii\" hail iieeii killed or woumleil at Shiloh, or e\en within 
several tlioiisaiiil of the numiier llie\ had there en,uauc(l; hut 
their killed and wiiunded iini-l lia\c heeii fully iloulile the liuniher 
Ihey re])orted. He also stated that had lhe\- known the numhers 
ihey would not ha\e dared to let il he known to their [leople. 

LEW WALLACE. 

()iic of the sli'oiiiiest and niosi experienced l>i\'isions of the 
Army of the Teniiessee. coniniaiidi'd li\ ( leiieral hew Wallace. 
w.-is campe<l at CrunipV Laiidint;, a lillli' more than h\e miles 
lielow I'lttshuru Laiidinu- 

Clearlv throu.uii the fault of il- ('oiumander this |)i\'isioii 
dill not participate iii I he hallle of I lie (itii. On the ■_'."itli of .\pril. 
hSIil'. Ml eiidorsiiui and forw ardiliii (ieneral hew Wallace's report 
lot leiieral Halleck, ( ieiienil ( hant savs: •' 1 directed this Division 
al ahout S o"cl(,ck A. M.. to he held ill readiness to move at a 

II lent 's warniiii; in aii\ di reel ion it iniuht he ordered. ('ertainl\- 

iiol l.aler Ihaii 11 ,\. M. t he order reached (ieiieral \\allaceto march 
hy a Hank iiiii\eineiit to I 'it tshurii handiiii;. Waitiii.u until I 
Ihou^iit he should he here. I sent one of iii\' stalf to hurry him, 
and afterwards sent Colonel Mcl'hersoii and my .\ssistant .\ilju- 
laiil Ceiierah" ( leneral .Mcl'hersoii states in his report, dated 
March -Jd, l.Sti:;, that soon after arriving; on the held at .-^liiloli. 
(leneral ( Iraiit elated to him that he had i^neli the Hrst order In 
Wallace at 7 :'A) .\. M. He also staled ih.il Captain Haxtei returned 
after deli\eriii,i; the tiisl order to ( leneral Wallace to nioN'e at once 
lo Shiloh hy the ri\er road. crlaiiilN not later than 1()::;(l. 

.\djiilaiil (leneral .lolin .\. Ilawliiis. under date of .April 1st. 
hsti';, slates that < leneral (Iranl's hrsl order wa^ ,<:i\en to (leneral 
Wallace hetweeii 7 and 7::!(l .\. M. He also states that Captain 
l'.:i\ter look the order lo (leiier.-il Wallace lo mo\e hi,- Division 
to I'ltlshuru haiidiiii; h.\- the road nearesl to and parallel with the 
river, on (he steamer Tiiii-cs,-, le;i\inn not lalef than !) A, M. The 
Tiuress should make the run in half an hour, and had done il llial 
niornin.L; in -•"> minille,-. .\ol w il listandin.L; these orders, and the 
iirorncx- of the case (leiier.-il \\'allace loitered and delawd .and 
watted lo uet irniner and did not nioN'e al :dl until after 11' o'clock. 



when lie .|crilir|-;ilcl>- iik.vciI oiU on llif Ai hi in>\ i lie IJnad, ri,i;lit. 
|i:ist I lie ri\ci- i-(i:iil. whii'h he IkhI lie"! ord.ci'cil l(i t:ikr. jiiqia' a\\"a>' 
I'niiu llic lialllc licM iiislc:iil i<\' IdWai'ds il. until he canic tn the 
I'unlx- l-;.i.-id. wliicli lir lu,,k .-in.! Iu|l,.\\v.l n,.;,i-|.\- liw mih-s, wlicn 
he (■(innlrrni;ii-clifil hack, anil liHik ;i cross i-o-nl \\ liirh ran ■liaL;nnal- 
\y ai-ro-^s inln llir I'il Iskuii: l.amlinL; llnad. timl linallN- ri'iisscil 
Snake Civck oiilu llie liatllr lii-lil soiiir linic alter llie fi^litin-; Ikh! 
reaseil, 

Al.oul iwu n'l-luek I'. M,. Ceneral Craiil liad sent Me 1 'liersnn 
anil Kawlin^ in liml Wallaee ami liuiTX^ liini h n'w a I'l 1. Tlie\' l|-alle<l 
liini U|i till tlie\- luuinl liini and -laved uilli Inin and lirued hiin 
lurward as iiiueli a^ lliey ciiiild, kut in s|iile nf all llieir elTials 
he liiok s(, much lime In ci iiiiil erinarch . shift his arlillei'v In the 
rearaiid uail I'm- his cdliinni Inclose U|i. thai \\ilh ihiar iiesl elToi'ls. 
they were not alile lo i;el Inni onto I he lield uiilil after dark. 
lie .-laiined that lie did liol kliow I he mad. and thai his Limde had 
inisled him. His l>i\isiiiii oecil|iie(| I he |iosilioii at l'rum|i's 
LandiiiLi on .March Killi as the adxaiice of an invading ariiix . and 
fill- him to allow a ila\- to |iass wilhoiil informiiiL; him-elf of i he 
I'oads in the \-|i-iiiity and the a 1 1| iroaclie> lo hi- posilioii. wiiiild 
he proof |)osili\e of Ills I iicoin] k'I enc\' and imw i irl hiiiess to hoM 
anv I'espoiisiMe command 

( ieiieral ( iraiit s| a led I ha I had Morgan 1-, Smith, who commanded 
(he 1sl lln-adi' of Wallace's Division. In^iai in command of the 
Dnislon II would lia\e keen on 1 he held liy 10 A. .M. 

There is an unwrilleii law. or militar\' reL!,iilatioii. thai in case 
of a ;:elieral eiiiiaiicmenl . ali\ delached kodies of troo|iS should 
IH'oceed al once lo join the main kndx' in the akseiice ol' |iosili\'e 
coiilraiw onlei's. lor a loii^ lime \a|ioleoii made ihi- a slandinn 
order. 

I'irinu k,\ liea\\' \olk'\- commenced al Shiloli al ■") d •") .\- M. 
and artill(a-\- lirinu kv ."i::ill. ( Mlicers in W'.alkice's Dixision slated 
thai llie\ heard liearlv the lirst xollew-. lie could have made the 
march in an hour and a hall'. Had that 1 IIn isioii keen comma iidi'd 
liy a capakle and eiier;;elic ollicta', il mmlil have keen on the lield 
ky N .\. M.. and willi thiar sU|i|iorl of ike lir-l line at Sliiloli 
( 'hiircli. il III lull I ha\'i' keen stisl aiiieil, ami 1 lie eneni\ liand-oniel\- 
reliulsed ky n i with much less loss lo l he .\rmy of I he Tennessee. 

CONCLUSION. 

The allack on lh<' lir-l I'moii line al Slnloli Church was made 
ky llardrc',-. Ilr.aui;'- .and I'oik's Corn-, wilh Trakiie'- I'.rmadeof 



P)ivckciiri(l,sie's Heservi's. (■(insistiim of :!2.]()6 men ami !IN ^uns. 
acrordiiin to t lie lowest iiuniher stated li>- any Confederate authori- 
ty. Man\- of these men had seen twel\-e months sei-\ice. 

Their Herre and impetuous allack was met liy the elTeclive 
force of Sherman's and I'l-enliee's l)i\isions, with a small poi'tion 
of McClernand's aiiiire^at in-; in all l.").7li:; men, a majority of whom 
that da\' for the Hrst lime hear<l the sound of a hostile -mi, who 
held them in cheek fotu' to h\'e hotu'-. and iiiMicted a loss on ihein 
more than doulile their own. 

Such was the material coni|)osin<i the Army of the 'I'ennessee. 
which mider the leadership of (Irant, Sherman, M(d*herson. 
Howard and Loiiaii allaineil a record unapproached li>- an>' army 
that e\-er trod the i-;arlh. 

It has heeu trulx' said of them that t hev fo'i.iiht as in:iuy Icillles 
as there are days in a \-ear, and ne\-er suffereil a ilefeat. Includini: 
Wattles where :i l)i-i,!;ade or more w a> enua.i^cd the\- were entitled 
to iirscrilie on their liamiers o\er two hundred \ictories. 

.Vol a uun was tired at them that thev did no! c;iptnre; not 
an arin\' confronted them iha! t!ie\- did not destroy: no sdonj;- 
hold of the eneui\- impeded their proure-s, that was tiot compelleil 
to capitulate: no arm\- in;irched sucli ilistancis since the liarharic 
hosts of ( leu^ins Khan in\;ided Mmupe some se\-(Mi centuries ai;o. 

It was of this arm\' tint (ieiieral .his. Iv .lohnsoii saiil. when 
asked li\' .lelTersoii l)a\is if he could not p|-event them from 
marchini; throtliih the Carolmas: '•.\s >^'ell attempt to pre\-ent 
the l/i|-th from re\-ol\-in,;i on its axis. Xo such a.rni\' has lieeii 
oruani/.eil sin-'e the da\s (,f .hiliu:- ("a(^sar." 



Siege of Corinth. 



Till'', Siciic lit' Ciii-iiitli i>rc^ciil> a iiKist rciiinrknlilc illuslra- 
lidU dl' lidw mil lu lid It. 
Cciii'i-al llallcck aiTivcd ;il I'ltt-lniri; l-ainlili,ii cm I'l'iilav, 
April 11, ISCrJ, ami al niicc asMimcd i-uiimKUid nf tin- 1iii(i|i^ tliciv 
asscinlilcd, and sddU cdiiiinciicr.l lial licniii: addilidiial l|-dd|is, 
rcdi-nain/inu tlir Aniiw and |iiv|ianii,<; Idi' an advaiirc dn Cdnntli, 
(Icnn-al WUdds' and Tlinnias' 1 )i\isidn^ of ISucll'.-; .Viaiiy ai-nvcd 
siHin afliT the I'.altlc <if Sliildli, ami dn 1 he l-Mst dt Api'il, Majdr 
(ii'iHM-al ,ldlin I'dpf arri\-cd with the Army nf the M is-is.-<ilipu 
:!(),(»()(1 slnms. Ircsli fnnn l!ir caiitiuv df Island \d. 1(1, ami went 
intii caniii al Ihunliur.iih, li\c inilc,- alnivf I'ittslmru Lan.lin.ii. 
dcncralTlidnias' 1 )ivisiiin df t lie Arin\- dfthcnliid was 1 ranslrrrcd 
td the Army df the 'rcnm-sscc and ( '.iMicral 'nidm,as plarcd in laim- 
maiid dl' that army. 

(Icncral Mc('lernaiid'> and l,r\v Wallace's Divisidiis were de- 
ta(du'd I'mm the Array of the Temiessee and fdinieil the reserve 
under rdimnaiidjof General MeClernand. 

The Army <if the TeimesM'a dccii|ii<'d I he rii;ht ; 1 he .\rni\ df the 
Ohid, the center, and the Army df the Mississippi, the left. ( ieiieral 
(irant was ;(lesifriuitetl as secmid in cdinmaiid and cdimnaiidinii; 
the Army df the Tennessee and the reser\cs, liut diinn,<; thead\ance 
and Sieiie dl ('(irinth was utterly i<i;mired by (leneral llallcck, 
wild sent (irders direct td the cummamUMS of the Arm\ nf the 
Tennessee and re.serves and fre(|iiently to Divisidii and liriiiade 
Cdmmaiiders. Some porlinns df the I'liidii fdfces advanced ciii 
April --Mlh and --'Tth, hut the .general advances diil mit cdiumence 
until Ai)ril ■_",tth, and the mnvemeiits df (leneral Halleck's forces 
were sd condncted that they iddk p.isitidiis avera.^in.Li i wd miles 
in front df the enemy's dUter lines, cm the I'.Sth df Ma\-, the ri^ht 
not hein.ii fully in pdsiti.iii until the ■_M)tli. niakm.n -'II mile- m :'>(! 
days, or some two miles less than the { 'diifederate- inarched in 
one dav and three lidurs, dii .\pril M.l and iiidrnim; df the 4th, 



llio\- luil liciiin u(>ai'l\' as well su|)|ilieil with ti-aiispoi-tatiiui and 
facilities for iiiarcliiiin. and llic roads licini: then in niucli worse 
i-oiidition from e-\cessi\c rains. 

From llie start. ( ienei-al Ilalleck rommeiice.l liuildin,ii roads and 
bridges and |iarallel mads and luidges and crossroads to connect 
them one with aiiol her, and c\'eiy position and cam]! was fortified ; 
not cotiiitin,<i- rille pits and light or temporar\' breast works in 
front of camps, we Imilt 4U miles of hea\'>' lireast works dm'ing tlie 
ad\:ince on Corinth. 'Tlie conmiamlers of troojis weic directed 
to a\'oid liriniiinii on an enuauemenl . and were told in so many 
words that it was belter to fall back than to fight. Generally the 
line of troo|)s presented a fronta,i;e of two to .six miles, (ieneral 
Halleck made liis he.aihuiarters with the right, it being the talk 
in cann) that it was for the |nirpose of watching General (irant 
and preventing him from an\- possilile cliance of doing anything; 
Init this took liini so far awa\- from I'()])e on the left, that he was 
able to break away from him occasionally, as descrilied by Oeneral 
( d-aiit in his memoirs, and on the third of May.' threw forward a 
Division to Farmington. within four miles of Corinth, where they 
had (juite an engagement, but carried the place witli considerable 
loss to the enemy, but were or lered back at once to the main line. 
On the Sth of .Ma>-. I'ope mo\-ed forward again with his whole 
command to Farmington and ad\an<'ed in two Divisions to the 
Confederate lines at Corinth, but was again compelled to fall back 
to the main line a liltle in front of .Moiderey. 

It was the genei-all>- expressed oijiiiion at tlie time, that had 
l'o|><' been .•illowcd to do so. he would have effected the capture 
or compelled tlie e\aruation of Corinth in two days. The most 
important engagement during the siege of Corintli was on the 17th 
of May. at the Russell House, some three and a h.alf miles from 
Corinth, and in front of the right of our line. The enemy's position 
was carried after about half an hour hard fighting by Morgan L. 
Smith's Ihigade and Kouton's Battery: the Union loss was ten 
killed and -SI woumled : the enemy left F> ilead on tlie iielu, includ- 
ing one captain and two lieutenants, .anil carried awa\- many 
w-ounded. Lieutenant Dwyer, Co, A. Sth Mo. Infantr\'. who hail 
that morning receix'ed his appointment as Lieutenant for bra\t'r\- 
and skill on other fields, fell at almost the hrst fire of the enemw 
During the tight a Confederate oflicer a|.ii)eared at oneofthe win- 
dows of the Russell House and called out to his men who wei'e 
retreating to come back, "the d d cowardl\- Yankees are run- 



liiui:;" he li;nl sc:iri'cl\' uIIcimmI llir wiirds when a hall rrdiu the 
nllc of i;. M, Siivilci-. rn (i, StI, .M(,.. rrasliiMl ilii-,,ii^|, his lii-aiii 
ami he Icll dcaiL At the- liiissell lliuisc wc ('iic(iiiiit('r<Ml the same 
men thai we had emilVdiiteil at Shilnh. t hen a fined wit h slmt jiuns. 
Old Har]>er's l'err\- muskets, Mississi|i|Ji rifles and anythin.n that 
wciuid shoot, now ainitMl with new i'.nlielil laii;lish ( ioxfriimenl 
riiles, with the tower and crown Krand on the lock plates, ihited 
1S(J1. which had heeii issued lo the troops hut two dax's liefoi'e 
irom l-jinlish (lo\-ernment arnr< eases, direct from t he Woolwich 
arsenal, iiearinu. I he arsenal lira in I. We eapt tired 17 of t hese riHes, 
some of which liad ne\'er been tireil. i"roin this on we h;iil to fiii,iit 
ai^tiiiist the most modern En,ulish ( loNcrnnu'iit arms and ainnuini- 
lion. This siiliject was treated all loo liuhtly liy the ( ;ene\a 
Commissioii of Arliil ration, the Mniihsh represeiitati\'es assertinj; 
that it was n<ithiii,t!;. as their people were traders and sold to whom 
the>- could and called attention to the fact that in the i^reat Sepo\- 
i-Jehellion their own soliliers were shot dow n with ,i;uns and ammu- 
nition sold to the rehels 1 1 y l''.ii>;lish traders. That miiiht well he. 
hut l-'.nulish traders are not likely to draw the latest ,u(i\-ernment 
arms in I'ases from the \\"ool\\ich arsenal. 

On the I'l-t of May, SiMhj:ew ick'- P.ri-ade of .Xelson'.- Division 
of Ikleir.^ Arm\-, had a sharp >kiriiush with i(uite a strong force 
of the enemy at Widow Scott's house, ne;iii\' in front of the center 
of the I'liion lines. 

From the position of < ieneral Sherman's command at the Uiissell 
House, hein.n' next to the last line in front of the eneun's works, 
one of the i!,uns of Boutoii's Battery threw a shell throti<;h the 
dome of a iiul>lic buildinj; in (Aninth, three and oiie-eii;hth miles 
disttint, which was considered a remarkahle achic\-emeiit for ;i 
held jitm at that time. 

On the L'Sth of May. ( h-nera! Pope witli thi' left of the line of 
rnion troops hnalh' occui)ie(l the position at fariniiiiiton that 
he had attained on the .'id and a.nain on the Stli. and on the morn- 
iii,i;- of the L",)th, (Ieneral Sherman on the riiilit i^ot into po-ition on 
the right, which completed the line of iii\ cstineiit . 

Dm-ing the day ;ind night <if the I'Sth nearly Halleck's entire 
army were Imilding breast works to resist an anti(apate(l attack 
of the enemy, who were in fact at that lime iictting awa\- from 
Corinth about us fast ,as they could. .Minost iinmediateh' after 
the fight at the Russell House, they had commenced shippim; awa\' 
su]iplies. and on the da\- and night of the LJUth. trains of cars 



wci-c ni(r,'iii;; r:ii>i'lly, in lakiiiti (Ull Imlli ti-oops ami su])])lipP, 
tlicir sick and wouinlcil lia\ iiii; liccii i-ciii()\'(n| simic ila> s |irc\'i(ius ; 
I III- i-i'inaiii(lcr nt' ihc ciiciin '< I'm-rcs coiimicnccil marching nut 
111' Corintli at 10 1'. M. on llic L'!i|li ami were all i;iiiic li\- iiKiriiiiiii, 
Ihc I'car 'iUai'il tiriivn' a i rain ( lial cxpluilcil a lol '■!' aniuuuiitiim aU'l 
set lire to several Iniililiiius - alxmt ") A. M. cm the liOtli. 

A |Hiitiiin (if tli(- Rehel pickets were i-elie\e(l liy cavalry ilurinL;; 
the ni^ht and a pDi'tion were ncilei'leil ami left <in tlieir post and 
niustly captured. The Heliels liurned all hrid-^es lieliiml them, 
and in their haste the\- lnu'iiecl l he Tuscuniliia llailrdad li|-id,ne 
liefiii-esix trains loaded mostly willi commissary stores cuuld cross 
ami they were destroyed. The i-uiminu of so many trains out of 
<'oi-inth durinij; the ni^iit had ci'ealed the impression amon,ii- the 
tidops ill the Army of tlie Tennessee, on the rii^ht of the line who 
were neai'est to Corinth, tliat the enemy were evacuatinij:. and liy 
daylight men froir tli(> picket line came hack to camp and rejiorted 
tlie enemy gone from tlitir front, and the explosions and fires 
soon following confirmed the i-eported e\acuation. and the word 
was at once |)assed along the lines that I he eneiip,' liad left Corinth, 
immedialely foll(A\ed li>' calls to turn out and go into Coiinth: 
and among tlie liitteries. to hitch up and go into Corinth, .so by 
a common impulse, a greal portion of the troops f^tarted into 
Corintli without waiting for orders. 

When (leneral Shei'man's command were going pell-mell into 
Corinth, he received orders from (leneral Halleck to advance 
cautiously and feel of the enemy'^ position. At 2 A. M. that morn- 
ing, (leneral Halleck sent ilispalches to (leneral Huell. informing 
him that the enemy ^^■ere re-enfoi-ci')g heavily on our left, which 
it was stated would he tmdoitlitedl}' attai'ked at daylight, and 
directing him to lie prepared to support (leneral Pope. At 4::->() 
.A. i\I. fieneral Xelsoii reported to (lener:d liuell that the enemy 
were e\'acuating Corinth, and that he had ordered his troops to 
advance, and \ery soon alter his ,nnd .McCook's Divisions entei'ed 
the des.u-led works at Corinth. 

1 do not know of a Hattery. Regiment. Brigade or Division that 
did not claim to lie the lii'st to enter Coi-inth on the morning of 
.May :!(lth. the (,'ommanders of the three armies each claiming 
that the troo]is of liis conunand were tii'st; hut 1 thirds the proof 
is conclusive that Bouton's Battei-y was hrst, as tliere were three 
quite large packing i-ases full of unsigneil Confederate money in 
the Railroad dejiol. and the memliers of the Battery got it all. 



Till' Ilion SCCIIKmI 111 Iki\t nn ilillirully in |i|nrlll-iliu ihr simi:iluITS 
i)f llii' |irii|ii'i- iilliriTs nf Ihi- ( '(.iilViliT.-ilr ■rri'.'isim . nlllinii^li I 

was iir\r|- :i\\:irr iil' llirir I'liiw anli hi; llir imMcs In Itirl ml Inr 

that |iui'|>nsr. All ihr Inllnwiiiu smiunri-, tlir iiifii in llir I'latlri-y 
hiiutihl aliumlaiil sii)i|ilir-. nl' rliirknis. riiiis, milk ami \arii>iis 
hiMirirs anil ilrlirarios v.l' tin- plantiTs llirim^ii tlic riniiilry, ami 

paiil thoin lli)i'rall\- in lluai- liiilrh Iii\imI ( "uiilri liTal r in 'V. Ar- 

ciinlin.i;' In tin- ri'imrl i>l' (ali/.ms, llir main IkhIv i>I' tin- ('unlrili'rale 
Army ^vcre mU nl' ('minrli hx' - A. M. ami thr rear ijuanl Ict'r at 
ilayliuht. 

In the al'li-viKM.n nl' .limi' 'Jil. Ii\^ oiiIit i,r ( imiTal llalliTk. 
(IciHTal Slicrnian willi liis nwii ami Iliii-llmt's I liN-i.-idii^ imi\iMl 
^^■|■st nil llic .MiMiipliis anil ( 'ha lii'st nn Hailrnail, and mi llir Mil 
lirar 'rusruniliia rapturril sr\cii lni-iimnli\c>. a ilnzrii (la1 rai's, 
20(1 pair nl' rar I nirks ami llir iron wnrks nl' (id rars that liail iiri'ii 
ImnuMl. tins rnllinii stnrk liax'iiiti' ri instil lit im I six trains ]iriiiripall\" 
Inailfil with riininiissar\' stiiri'S, I hat witi> rut nlT rvniii rsrapf liy 
the priMiialuri' liuriiiliii: nt' llir Tusrumliia ami Cypress ( 'rci-k 
Railroail liriilt^rs, liy Cniilcilcrale ra\:ili'>'. ami weiv ilcstrnycil 
as far as prai-tiraldr. Thr main limly nf thr ( 'niil'eilorati.' Army 
niarrlioil snuthwi'sl I'mm ('nrintli tn Halihvin :U miles. In wlhrli 
[mint tlie\' were i'nllnwi'il liy (u'lieral I'npe with his nwii rnmmaiiil 
ami twn l)i\isiiiiis frnin lUiell's Army. They stayed lull three nr 
fiiur ila\s al tins plare when 1 hey eiimmelireil t'allim; liark In 
Tupeln ami were I'nllnwei 1 im further. 

GEN. HALLECK CONTINUALLY ASKS FOR 
MORE MEN. 

I'reparatnry fni' ami diirini; the ad\aiii-e nn ('nrintli. ( leiieral 
Halleek imt nlily assemkled tnu-ether all the availal.le fnrres nf 
his own widel>' exleiided rnniinand. lull rnnimually asked fur 
mure frnm mitsiile. Iliirim; llie aih.aiire se^-el■al nf ihe Xni'lliern 
< !n\eninis \isiled the army :inil (leiieral Halleek made sueh 
represoiitatiniis In them as In iiidure them In ask llie Seeret.aiw 
nf \\:n- .and l'resi,lent tn send more trnnps In Halleek. nnt.alile 
amiiliL; these was a ilis|iateii frnm ( in\-eriinr ( >. 1'. .Mnrlnii In the 
Seeretaiw' nf War nf .Ma.\ -'211. in wliieh lie says. ■'Halleek's Arm> 
lias lieeii !;reatl\- rediieeil liy siekiiess. The enemy are in ,<;reat 
foree at Cnrinlh. and lia\e reeentl\' reeei\ed re-enfnrremeiifs. 
Tlie\- e\'ideiitl\- intend in make a desperate struiiule at llial |)iiint. 
41 



Tliey are coiitiiuKmsly at work mi llicir entreiu'hmeiits, wiiicli 
arc hecdiniuii uf a I'nnuiilalilr rliaiaiMci-. It is fearful to (■(inteiii- 
plat-e the roiisenueiices of a defeat at Curiiitli. 1 \v<iul(l nmst 
earnestly ask tliat, if it is possiltle. ten more retjinieiits he at onee 
rletached from other points and sent here, and also that no time 
should be lost in doing this, etc-." Wliile (ieneral Halleck was 
making use of tlie presence of (!o\'ern(irs of Xorthern states to 
ask for more troops, he was comiilaiihng to the \^'ar Department 
that they and the Sanitary Commission were carrying his men 
away on pretense of sickness. 

In a disiiatch to the Secretary of War, dated Corinth Ptoad, 
May '-'"id, among otlier things he says: "1 hear nothing of Kansas 
troops. Have they been ordei'ed here? Ah of my re-enforcements 
will be here in about four il:i\-s. Meyond that, I have nothing to 
expect from this Department. The Sanitary Commission and 
State Ctovernors carry away troops faster than I can recruit. .Men 
only slightly unwell or feigning sickness are carried away without 
my autlK.irity." 

To this dispat(di the Secretary of \\'ar answered on the 2od, as 
follows: "Your dispatch of Id yestcnlay forenoon received. 
Neither the Sanitary Conunission or the (lovernors of Sates have 
any authority from this Department to i-emove troops under 
])retense of sickness or any other cause without your authority. 
You are authorized to make and enforce any regulations you deem 
proper in resj^ect to sick or wounded, and to prevent any inter- 
ference or conflict with your own regulations. Three Regiments 
of Infantry, one Regiment of Ca\alr\- and two Batteries of Artillery 
ha\e been ordered from Kansas to join you." 

Assistant Secretary of War Scott was with Ceneral Halleck 
during most of the advanct^ on Corinth, and was kept quite Inisy 
sending frantic ap|ieals foi- more troops and scare messages to 
the War Department, the most notable of which was one dated 
.Monterey, May (ith, in which he says in part : "A number of deser- 
ters fi'om Corinth came in \esterday. They report vevy large force, 
well entrenched and say Beauregard is receix'ing re-enforcements 
e\-er\- da.\'. A few days ago forces began to arrive from South 
Carolina. (Ieneral Lovell is expected to-ilay from New Orleans 
with :i,(l()() effective men. It is now believed the Rebels will leave 
Virginia and endeavor to save the Mis.sissippi Valley by crushing 
our Western Army. Beauregard, by concentrating troops from 
New Orleans.Mobile, Memjihis, Fort Pillow and intermediate points 



will certainly add till.lKHI crtcctivc iiifii Id llic aiin\ lie had Icli 
da\s aiiii. and ihis willmul any fuvcf I'nmi \'il-i!iina. Scmlli Carn- 
lilia or (icii|-ma. With all these larts as we liehexc them here, it 
hecouies a L;fa\'e i|iiesti(in U>v yon tn CDnsider whethef a eoliiinn 
of 4ll.l)(ll) (ir .")(!. IMIII iiii'ii should i>e sent ffoin the Mast." 

In another (late(| 1 'artnini;t on. May l."illi, he says; "'rhe ollii-er 
in chariie of the ad\atiee pickets, last innlil, re|ioris that he 
heard distinctly the arrixal of a nutnlier of t rains at ( 'orintli diirinu 
the niiilit witii re-enforcements. Such trains wci'e areeted with 
immense clieeriiiL' on arri\al. i'lie enemy are concentratiim a 
IHiwcrftil arin\. llalleck has here and on the way all the force 
under his coiumaiid, ami 1 l>ehe\e he oUiiht to ha\'e more to insure 
sui'cess at ( 'orintli," 

liL another dispatch, he sa\s: "It is now pretty clear that an 
overwhelmiuLi; force will he massed at Corinth to crush this army. 
In my judiiiiieiil, which 1 respectfull\- oiler for your consideration, 
a liea\y re-enforcement of Infantry and .-Vrtillery should ln' sent 
immeiliati'ly, or we shall soon lie the party iK'sieired. and that 
too in the heart of the enemy's comitry." 

On May L'4th, President Lincoln sent the following; disiiatch 
to (leneral Halleck; "Se\eial dispatches from Assistant Secre- 
tary Scott and one from ( io\ ertior Morton, askmu re-en forceniei its 
for you ha\-e lieeii receixcd, I I ie<i you to lie as.sured we do the 
lie.st we can. I mean t(i cast no lilanie when I tell you each of mu' 
commanders aloiii; our lines from liichmond to Coriiuh supjioses 
himself to lie confronted hy numliers superior to his own, I'nder 
this pressure we thinned the line on the upper I'o1oma<-. until 
\'esterda\- it was lirokeii .at liea\y loss to us, and < leneral I'.anks 
jilit ill ureat peril, out of which he is not \ct extricated and ina\ 
lie actually captured. \\ C need men to repair the liieacli, and 
have them not at liaml, .M\ dear (leneral, 1 h-el justilied to rely 
\-er\' much on you, I llehe^■e \du and tin' lira\'e i llicers and men 
with you can and will t^et the \ictory at Corinth," 

It was a common practice for Heaure,i;ard to have men desert 
and come into I'liion lines, or allow themsehes to lie captured 
for the purpose of makiiiii: reports to decei\c or mislead command- 
ing:: oflii-ers, and he reported liax'iiiii ordered his men to clieei' on 
the arri-\al of t'\'ery train to cieate the impression anions the 
'Yankees that re-eiiforcemeiit s were ;irri\'ini;. 

On I'a.L^eoSl, \ ol, 1 , of his memoirs, ( leneral ( Irant sa\s: "I'"or 
myself, I am satisfieil that Corinth could ha\'e lieeii captured in 



;i Iwii (lay (Minpaiiiii. (•(Uiiiiicnccd promptly ou the :irri\-:il of rc- 
clildi-criiiciUs al'iri- I lie l'>atll(' nl' Sliiloh." The cipinidli was l'n>- 
(|ilciilly (■\pi'css(Ml allcr llii- aii'i\:il of I'opc's Anii\', llial aii\ ol a 
(lo/.cii ollirers luiilci- llallcck's cDiiiiiialul cmild i-aptui-c Coi-julli 
aii\' liiiH' in i\\r ilays, with oiic-lialf of liis force. (Iciicral i;OLi;an 
slated lo ( leiicral ( Iraiit on llie L'Stli of May that he couhl .^o into 
Coiiiilli with his siniiie i'«rii;ad(', if allowed to do so, as the eiieiuy 
had heeii evaeuatiuii' for several days. 

REBEL WORKS AROUND CORINTH. 

Ill a dispatch to the .--lei-retary of War. dated May .".Olh. (leneral 
llalle<-k says: "lMiein\-'s position and works in front of ("orinth 
wei'e exceedinjih' strona. He cannot occupy stronger positions.'' 

(ienerals (Sranf and Sherman, .and in fact e\ery one hut (Scneral 
Hallec'k, were surprised at the weakness of the Rebel defences, 
they being to a great i^xtent armed with (Jiiaker guns, consisting 
of bl.Hck logs, mounted on wagoji wheels, jioiniiiig threateningly 
toward tlie Union lines. Hailcck s troo];is had certainly built 
seven better li'ie-^ of bieast work-- durin<; the rjh:inc( on (Virinth.. 

STRENGTH OF THE UNION FORCES THAT 
ADVANCED ON CORINTH. 

By the consolidated rejiorts of A])ril :50th. the Army of the Missis- 
sippi, (ieneral Po]je connnander, showed an aggregate present 

of 21,510 

The Army of the Ohio. J^uell commanding. _ 4S,1().S 

The Army of the Tennessee, General Grant commanding, in- 
cluding the reserve under McClernand .. .50.554 



Grand Total..... 120,172 

On May olst and .June 1st. Pope's total aggregate present 

had increased to 31,54.3 

Huell's to 67,781 

Army of the Tennessee proper 36,950 

Reserve under Mc( h'rn.'uid ..14,1S8 

Grand Total 150.4(12 

This vast army was well ai'nwMl and equippecl. well di'illeil and 
uniler gooil discipline. I'ettei' material did not exist, and all 
considered no army equal to it hail ever been organizeil on this 

44 



c'ontinciit at that tiiuf and il i> a inic>tiiiii wlictlici- it has liceii 
sui'passfil since. 

CONFEDERATE STRENGTH AT CORINTH. 

'I1ic ('(iniV(U'i';itr lii'ld |-c-lurn,- n{ \\\r ai'nix i »tu| i\iiii; Cnrinth 
(111 :inc| aliiiul ^hl\■ 'JSth. a,- ccrlihiMl liy ( Icncral Ura^n. shdwcil 
.ail.ii.a-ciiatc present 7'>.\'2'.) with Mi4 i.Hicei-s and 17.41S enhsled 
men -iek, with S'!4 ulliceis and I't.'JM.'i enlisteil men i-cpnrleil 
alisent Willi leave, and 104 iillicers and (i.oSS men aliseiit withmit 
lca\-e. The wlmle ariii\" was in ;i \i-l'\' deliK irali/,ed ediidilion. 

ddie term nf enlist 1 1 lent of t he elder t re ic i| is had cX] ii red and the}' 
wanted In u'ef awa\'. and were del.ained aLiainsl their will. The 
new tredps were mostly :ild men and l)o\-- and (piite di'fieieiil in 
drill and diseipline. I leaiirirard could ne\-er nillsier in line loi- 

dut>- I -e than al>oUI 4."i.()ll() men. .and in their coiiditiou a much 

less niimlier from any portion of llalleidv'- conmiand sjiould !ia\'e 
lieeii more than a match forlliem. There >ecms I an lit t le exiMise 
for any coii--ideralile portion of this anny e\"er lieiiic allowed to 
i:el a\\a\' from ( 'oriiif h. 

GENERAL HALLECK'S ROMANTIC REPORTS. 

Ill (leiieral Shermair- report to (leneral Halleck of hi- fiiihl 
.at the hlils-ell Houm'. :\i.av 17. he savs: "Our loss \(-terd;iy. S 
hille.l. :',1 wounded; 11' Confederates found <pli the 11(4.1 and evi- 
dence of the reiiio\al of ni,aii\" woundeil." 

4dic s.ame da>- H,alle(4< reporl- of this e\-ent. a- follows: '■|aieiny 
>lroii<:i\' resiste(l adwaiice on riLiht. (leiieral .s^hennan reports 
44 killed and a lari'e numlii'r wnuiideil. 1-iiieniy dri\-en hack at 
e\'ei\" point. lea\"iiiL: hi.- kille(l aial woiukIciI on liic li(4i|." 

( )ii I he e\-eiii]iL; of .lime :id. ( leiiei'.al Sherman -(Mil fr( mi ( liew.alla 
on the Memphis and ( 'ha riesi on Kailroad hack to il.alleckal Connlli 
.■I report thai l lie\' had captured -cNCii locoiiiol i\"e-. alioilt a (lo/.en 
Hal car- . oxer 'JIM! pair of truck w heels, wil h t he iron woi k of aliotll 
(ill cars thai had I.eeii huriied. ( )iie of the locomolix'o had alread>- 
keen repaireil and w.as on the track in rimnini;- order. 

Ki-ardin- this mailer. li.alleck ivporled lo I he War Dcparl- 
iiieiil. .lime 4lli. a.- follows; "We c.aplureil nine locoiin il i\ cs and 
;i niimlicr of cars, one of I he fornicr is alre,a(l\ rep.alrcd and N 
nninlnu I o-d.a w s(.\ rral more will lie in riiiiMliii; order in a few da\"^. 
I he resuli i- all 1 coiild po,— il.ly de.-ire." 
45 



Allentiiin luix'iiiLi; Ix-cii cnllcil (o lliis disi-i-cpaiicy. he (■(ii-rcclcd 
it l>\' rcpdrtiii.i; in iTiiard hi ihr lcic(nii(ili\('s: "It turns mit (Ui a 
full in\'fsti,nati()n tliat \vc caiitui'i-d clcx-cn." 

On the 4tli iif June (Icncral Ilalli'ck sent a dispatch \n the 
ScciTtary nf \\"af. the lirst |ini'li(in of whicli was as follows: 

'•(Icncral Pope with HI.IIOI) is thirty miles snutli n( Corinth, 
pushinti; the eneiuy liai'd. lie ali'ead\' i-eports KI.ODO iirisimers 
and deserters from the eiietnx and 1 ."i.lKIU r-tands nf arms capl ured." 
This and some similai' dispalehes were puMislied in t h(> |iaper and 
thus lierame kiKiwn in the Army at ('(irinth. and it was then sup- 
piised that (leiie|-al I'dpe hail actuall)" made such i-epiirts. and as 
it was well known thai no such capt ures \\'eie made, it ga\'e ( lenei'al 
I'ope the reputation of heiiii^ the iii'eatesi liar in tlie world. 

Illusti-atini;- this mattt'r, a dialoune was reported to |ia\e taken 
place ln'tween a dyinu soldier anil a chapl.ain in the Hospital at 
Corinth. The chaplain hav'in- I'ead the soldier from the P.iMe 
that Sampson slew ten thousand rhili--tines with the jaw lione of 
an ass. the soldier asked him to I'ead that report auain : on his doini; 
Ml. the dyini; soldier I'aised u]i tind aske.d if that was signed "John 
I'ope. Major ( ieneral." 

C.enei'al Craiit sa\s on I 'a.iie -'iN-, \'nl. 1, of his memoii's, in 
speakiuii of the piu-suit of the rebels after the evacuation: 

"The pursuit was kept tp) for sonic thirty miles, hut did not 
I'csull in the capture of any malci'ial of war or prisoners, unless 
a few st ra,i;i;lers. ^\illl had fallen liehind and wci'c willint:; ca])tives." 

The oidy toundation whatever foi- llalleck's dispatch to the 
Seci-clar\- of War was one that he claini(>d to liax'c recei\cd fi'oiii 
I'ope on the e\-eniiiL:: of .lune .'Id. datcil near llan\ille. .luiic :id. 
ISCi-J. the closiui; paraiilaph of which is as follows: "The mails 
fill- miles are full of stra.iiLdeis from t he enemy, who are conuiiii in in 
s(|n.ads. Xot less than lll.tlOII men are thus scattered, who will 
come in within a ila\' oi- t wo." 

In rciianl to these dispaldie-. the foilowiiii; correspondence 
look place !)e1ween Ceneral I'ope and Cicner:d Ilalleck in the sum- 
mer of l.SI)."). 

Wasliiiiuton. I). ('.. .luly 'A, lS(w. 
.1/,/,/er (Itnndl II. ir. Ilnlhrl:. f. S. A., 

W.ashin-ton. 1 ). C. 
Ceneral: 

The War has now ended and the ex'ents and incidenis connecteil 
with il .are passiu<i into hisloiy. .\s 1 do not ^\■ish that any i-eport 



(ir iiiisciiiic('|il iciii wliicli lias lii'i'ii cii-ciilalcil In in\' iircjuilirc, ami 
wliii-li i,- siiscc|iliMr lit' cxiilaiialidiL slaniM staml i-ccdrdiM] a.iitiiiist 
iiir. ami as llic reasons wiiii-h acliiatcil nic in |ii'fser\ inii' silrncc no 
jiinuci- exist. I desire to in\iti' \inn-attcnliiin l.ia ilispalrli imlili-licd 
in I lie iicwspapri-s, ilalcil a I ( 'nrini li. Miss. . .1 nnc -I . lN(i'J. |)Ui-| kiH inu 
Id lia\c liccn sent li\" yuii hi llic Si'iM'eta r\" nl' War. ami nml ainiiii; 
.viilistaiifially the lulldw in;; \\iii-il,-, \\/.: "( ieiiei-al I'd|ir i.- :l(l niilcs 
sdUlli dl' ('di'intli. |iiisliiim till' cncniN- 'lard. lie alri'ad\- rc|iiii1^ 
1(1. OIH) |irisdiici's and dc-ci1 crs and l.VDIKI si^iid nl' .ai'iiis ca | it urcd . 



I dd mif kiidw Ihal Nun cnci' sent siicli a i-('|idrl. imt as I dd 
kmiw llial 1 nc\(M- made siirli a rc|idi-t. I inlVi- that if \-nii ,-ciil tju- 
dispalrli in i|ncs|idii \dii inii^t lia\'c ddiic so nmlci' a \c|-\ ureal 
nii>a|i|irclii'iisidn. I lia\'c I licn-rnrc id iT(|nc>l ihal VdU liii-nisli 
nil' a iai|iy nl' an\ rcMnrt madr li\ iiii' ii|idn wliirh -iirli a dis|ialcli 
;is I hat III ((lli'sl inn was sent . 

1 have ftill riTdi-ds dl' all ni\' IcIUTs. dis|ial •■lii'> and rc|idrls In 
\aiii diinnu I lie d|iei-a( idiis at I '(irinl li, and im -~iicli re|idrt i.^ anidiiii, 
Ihelii. 

I am, < ieiieral , 

Ke^lieet I'lllK" \dlir nl )ed iel 1 1 >CV\anl. 

./-//// I'op,. M.i/nr Crnrnil. 
Wasliiniitdii, I). ('., .Inlv :>. ISd."). 
M„jov (Irnrnil Jolni I'nj^r. I'rrsrnl. 

(iener.al: 1 lia\e tii arkiinwledue the r('i-ei|it df \iiui- edniiniini- 
r.atiiin dl' the :;d instant. .\s ni\ |ia|iefs a.re all linxed up t'lir traiis- 
|idrl;ilidii Id ('.■ilit'di-ni.a. I am mil alile In rel'iM' Id the disnalches 
Id wliieli yiiii allude, mil' ran I I riisl in\" inetmirx' in feuard Id 
I'dminumr.at idn~ ni;ide imn'e llian three '.cars aud. lurlher than In 
sa\' Ih.al I lie\-er re|idrled In the SeiTelar\- nl' \\',ar dis|ialches 
feeei \('d I'i'iim \ain, wliieli \\ el'e lidl vd rerei\'ei|. 

\ el'\ l'es|ieel I'ltIK' \"dUr dl lediell I ser\ali(. 

//. ir. Ilnlhrh. Ma).,r Cniirrl. 

In respiitise td I his ( leiieral I 'npe -eiil a leiiut h\- (a immiinieal inn 
Id which Cema-al flalleck made lid iv-pdii-e, 

(ieiieral ll<..aiiivi;.a|-d -aid that (ieiieral Ilalleek's repdi'ls and 
dispalche-- cdiit.ained a.- liiaiiN' lie- as line-, (leiieral I '.ea lll'euani 
diadil Id lie a (aiinpelenl jlldLlc as he wa- cdiieeded In lie all expert 
al Ihe Imsiness hini-ell'. 

The ni.aunihreiit aMiiN uliieli C.aieral llallerk had .a-einl.led :il 
('di-inth \\a.- -ddii -calleivl kl.a-t ,a- far a- ( 'ha 1 1 a midua . West hi 



Memphis ami Xoiiliwcsl hi .lacksoii, I'xilixar aii'l ( 'ulinnlius, so 
I lull (IciH'i'al Hrau.i!', wIki succccdcil (Icucral Buaure^ai-cl, wasalile 
to |iiit (Icneral <liaii;, wliu succccilctl (leneral Hallcck. mi tlie 
(IcIVnsixc at iieaii\- ('\'ci'y pdiiil. As slaleil liy Cenci'al (',i-ant, lliis 
mislakc necessitated li'^litiim- se\-e|-al hard hatlles ihat woiUd 
mil (ithei'wise ha\'e lieen necessary, and luateriall}' pnihiiiiicd the 
war. 

On Ihe 11th (if .lul\-. Celieral llalleck was sunumilied to Wash- 
inL^liiii 111 assume ennniiaiid (if all the armies, ha\'in<i lieeii in im- 
mecliale cdnnnand iif t|-iiii|is. in acti\'e (i|ieral i(ins in I he held, 
just t hree nniuths. 

While Ceiieral Halleek \v,as (■(inceded Id lie a mall "f imire llian 
ii|-dinary alulity and (if lii^h al I ainineiils, he |ini\'ed iiKist cdli- 
(■liisi\-ely that Ir' was mit adapleil to fdliduetiiig active uii-gressive 
djieral idiis. 



General Grant. 



MY FIRST MEETING WITH GEN. GRANT. 

II'lltST met (ii-li. (u-iilil al S|iriiii;lirl(l. HI., r:iv\\ in l!ic 
MUiuiicr (if lS(i1. I !iaviii'.i L^diic then- from Chifaiiu 
to ciiiifci- with ( ioxcriMU' Vales ami llic Ailjul.aiit (iciici-al in 
rcf^ai'il In rcc|-\iitiiin ami (ii'i^aui/.lu,!; a liallci-\- in Cliicai^u, 
and was iiit nnhii-cd id ('aplaiii (Irani li\('(il(iiirl Tom Mallici-, 
tlic tliiMi Adjulalil <'.i'nr|-al of llif Stale of Illinois, who, al the 
siiiiiAestioii of ( io\ci-|ior ^'ales, had i;iven ('a|>lain (d-alit 
em|iloymeiil for :i limiled period in his ollii'e, where (d-aiil was 
occil|)\iliii a small lalile in one coj-nei' ol' 1 he ollici', where his 
pi'iiieipal oeeupalion was framiim' and eo|i\-iiii; onU'Vs, riihn,!: 
l,l;iiik> and other eleneal work, 

I )uriiii; I he se\i'ral days 1 was at Sprinulield, 1 met ami eon\'ersed 
with Captaiii (d'aiil fre(|uen! b,-. H<' i:a\'e ine some sim.nesl ions, 
ildormalioii and ad\-|ee in re'j,ai'il to thi' aian of the serx'ii'e that I 
w;is al)onl lo eni;a'j,e in, asked M'\-ei-al i|Uestion- in rejiai'd to |-e- 
rniiliiiLi men for the serxii'e in Chieaiio, and stated thai he would 
\'er\- nnieh like to eonim;iiid a regiment of iiifantr\', and that he 
helieveil he was e:i|iaMe of doiiii;: so, hut that he hail not the 
aei|iiailitaliee, the ildllien<-e or the neeessai'.X' funds to eiialile 
liim to I'eeiint a reuimi-ul ami secure a coloneh-N . 

.-\ few days later he was assigned to dul\' as musterim^ oltieer 
by <lo\ernor ^'ates for the |i\U|iose ol' iiiiisl e|-iiiL; some reuimeiils 
into the State ser\iee that had been rar-ed in e\eess of those called 
for b\- President bincoln. ,Viid on I he UM h of .1 une, he w as a |ipoi ii- 
lecl colonel of \\\r Tw eiit y-li rsl llliiioi,^ Infant r\-. and llirei' \ea|-s 
and three months from that lime he comm.anded o\ei' a million 
men, ha\inL; well earned ;inil recei\cd the most rapid ad\aiicemenl 
of :inv iinlilarN chieftain in the woiid's Inslorw 

( ieneral < Irani wtis .appoinle. I colonel of the Twenl \ diisl Illinois 
inhintr\ on the ItHh of .bine, ISbl, lu^ commission beiiiL: dated 

4'J 



.hint' 15, on the (itli da}' of Aiit;ust. ISfil. he \\ as appointed a 
lirinaiher-iieneral, and his connnissioii dated from the 17lh of 
May, IS(U, so that he took rank as a l)riKadier->;ener:il ahnost a 
nioiitli liefore he was an oHir<M' in the service. 

'Idle reason of this most e\l raonhnarx eii-eumstanee was that 
in the hitter |)ait of .1 iil\ , 1 Mil , ( iovernor H.iehanl Yates of Illinois 
lieeanie \-ery imicli alarnieil renardini^ the situation at Caii'o. and 
III Sout liern lllinios. The ( 'oiifeilcrates were fortifyini^ and makilii; 
a \'er\- stroni; position on ll:e hhilTs at Colninhus, Kentuek)' and 
liad estahlislied a stroni; camp at lielinoiit, .Mo., Iiut a few miles 
lielow Cairo, oil the west hank of the ri\'ei', and had also jnst es- 
l.alilislied a camp and recrnitiiiL; station at Bird's I'oinI dii-eetl\- 
opposite ('airo, on tlie Missouri siilc, and were recruiting' for the 
( 'oiifederate s(.v\-ic|. al mtiiiy points in southei'n Illinois: at Cen- 
t ralia sex'eral hundred men were report eil to have si'.i:ned t he n i lister 
rolls for ser\-icc in the Confederacy, and it seemed (|nite alipareiil 
that \it;orous action would lie iii'ccssary to sa^•e Cairo and all 
Southern Illinois from falhiii; into the ha.nds of the Coid'edcrates. 

(ieiieral ( Irant had lieeii leciimmended for appointment as a 
hrmadicr-jcneral liy the Illinois delegation i.i Conti'res- and on the 
otli of Amiust. (uivenioi- ^■ates asked I'resident Lincoln li\ tele- 
i;]-a|)h to ap|>oint Colonel (Irant a hrii^adier-sieneral at once, to 
lake rank from Ma\' 17th. the object liein.i^ that he should take 
rank, liy scniorilw o\cr Ui'ij^adier-tieiieral Prentiss, who was one 
of ihc lirst a|ipointnieiits to tliat r.-ink in the West, and ('on,<ii-ess 
liad not \'el ])assed the Law aix'inii I he I'resident aUtlioi'it\' to assijiii 
>;eneral oflicers to conmi.ands without reference to date of com- 
missions. 

The next da\-. ,\u,iiUst (ilh. I'lvsideiil Lincoln tele,iiraplieil Col. 
( da lit 's appoint men: to ilalc from Ma\' 17l h. ami on this telegram 
( leneral < uant assumed command at '■ 'airo, taking' rank o\cr ( ien, 
Prentiss, and ,at onci- sent two re^iimeiits of infantry and a liallerx' 
o\cr to 1 it rd's Point and hroke up the Confederate camp there, 
:iiid soon after fou.iilit the liattle of Pelinoiit . coinpelliim the rehels 
to ewacnate Colnnihi.ls ami all tins on the authorit\- of the Presi- 
dent's teleiii'.aii., liefore lie receiNcd liis commission as liriiradier 
Heneral, 

I ha\e no knowledi;c of aiiv repoH of Ihc reason of |!li^ peculiar 
circuiii.slniice relalim: to (ieneral Cr.ant's appoi iil iniail ;is ,a hritia- 
dier iicneral. or of his hre.akiiiL: up I lie Uehel camp at Pir.l's Point 
e\'er ha\'imi keen jiillili-heil. 



THE CHANGE WROUGHT IN A LITTLE OVER 
FOUR \EARS. 

On the ;iricni(Mjii i.l" A|.ril L'."), l.SC)l. a cihiii >aii'- uf iiiia iil rv , 
r'v^ltv >1|-, II'. (-(ir niaii.lcil I.- ('a|il. A !,. Cli.'ilaiii. Icll (;alrna. 
UK. Ini- S|iriiintifM. ll.c ^latc ("a|iil>«l. ('a|ila!ii L. S, (ii-ani, wIk. 
hail assislcil ("lictlaiii in rccr'iil Inn and ili'illuiii llii- riini| ian\' , 
ari-iini|ian\'in'j: il , I'al lici' |m>u|'1\' clail in ril i/,cn V drrss, ami rariAint; 
a small caiiH'l I )a,L; i H' sal clicl a ml I >ca iinu a Icl tr|- from lluii. Iv I'.. 
W'asliliuni 1(1 (Invcrmii- Ividiai'.l ^■all^-, -laiiii'i tlial the l.caivr 
\va- a -railnalc nf Wol I'oinl. am! had >cr\fd a> a Inailcnanl in 
the Mcvican W :\v . ami allm-w'ard as a caiitain in Ihc I'ci^r.lar arin\ 
on Ihr I'aciHi' ("nasi, ami rcrdinnicnihn'i hiin I'nr a|i|iiiinl incnl to 
some |)oMl ion in I he \'olnnl cci' .■^ia'\icc, w hrrc ins nniil ar\' rd ilea I ion 
ami cxiiia-icncn in llic army would make him nscriil In tin- Slali- 
and ( 'ouiil r\-. 

< )n avrninu" al S|>miL:Tinld, ( '.aiH ain ( Irani |ii-cscnlrd his I"! I cr I o 
Ihc CoNcrnor. who aflcr ivadin.u il. looked al him ci-it icalK' , ami 
Willi sccinini; imliHiTcncc. said ihal lu' did not know of a n\ t hinu 
liiTonId LMW Inn, tlKai.l.iit that ih.- .V.ljiilanl ( uairral, ( 'oh Malhrr, 
iniiilit have soiiir cmi.lov iii-iil lor him in his olln'c, llr called Ihi' 
next da\ and was inti-odiiced to Ihe .\djul.anl (lencral. who .al'ler 
some conxaa'sal loll, said he knew of no em|ilo\nieiil he laiiild ixwc 
llilli e\re|)l it was .->oni" eliTKail Wdl'k ill I he olliia-, silrh .as i-o|i\aiii; 
ordei>. ruli 11,11 Maiiks. ete. ( 'a | it a ill ( irani re|iliei! i hal lo|- the |i|-es- 
enl . lie was willinu to make liiniself nsel'iil in ,aii\ \\a\'.and lieu.an 
work al once. 

,\l Ihe end iii lonr da\s. (h'ant was alioiit to le:i\e in di>i;nsl 
to return to the leather ~lore ol' .1. 1!. (d'aiil A'- Co . at ll.aleii.a. 
hut was dissuaded IVom doin;; so li\ his iViiaid. ('apt. Chelhiin. 

THE CONTRAST. 

( >ii the -J'Ul ni Maw ISh-"). a sitdil Was wilne.ssed at the Xation's 
ea|iilol. ihe ur.amlesl .and most iniposinu e\-er .-eiai on this (aiiiti- 
iieiit. 'I'wo hiindi-ed lliousand \ nhiiil I'er ~oldiias wia'e niaf'^halled 
there, the ri'imi.anl.- of the iiraiid old armie- ol' ihe 1'(aines,see. of 
the ('umli(aiand .and of the \rin\ of the I'otomae. to pas-' in liiial 
review. The w;ir was laided ,aiid these \'el(a-alis wrvc soon to 
relurn to iheir home,-. The^e iliMlieilile arlllie^. lu.w iners^ed into 
one. wi'aiw and worn with ma''cliin,L' and liLihlin". Iiroii/ed liv 
exposure, he.ariim alofl llaus latlia-ed and Imllel riddled, with 

51 



luiifdrnis rastjed :iiul hcm-iincil, hut :is iirdU-l an anii\' nf lihcrty- 
IdxiiiLi; hordes as evfi- li'ml the caiih, i-dnsrioiis nf iliity well done, 
all wei'f cMiltant and happy. 

Tliat the silent and nnnstcntarKHis ^dl(h(•l in tlie unifdnn df a 
Heutenant-tienerah whd stdml dn the rcxicwin:; stand, hy the side 
of the Xatidu's chief niauistrate. nnind\cd !iy the ina.t^niHcent ]ia,i^- 
eaut . as arni\' after army pas.^e 1 in re\'ie\\ . amid the shdUts of t he 
asseiiililed pupuhiee. the sii<-i'essi'iil i-dinniaiiih'r of more than a 
millidii men. was none dlhei- than 1 he modest and olisctu'e man, 
who only a little o\-er foUi- years liefoi'e. followed a company of 
recruits to the raihva\' station in the lillle villa.iic of (lalena, 111., 
on Ins wa>- to the State I'apilol. humlily seekinj; some Jiosition 
where he co\ild sei-\-e the counlr\- he lo\cd so well, seenis utterly 
iiicredil.le. 

The history of the world -liows no p.arallel in the I'areer of any 
man. 

SHERMAN'S OPINION OF GRANT'S POSITION 
IN HISTORY. 

On some appi-opriate oci'asi(]n a few mouths after ( leneral 
(d'alil'.- death, (lenel'al Sherman was inxiled to deliver a euloiry 
on (leneral ( d'ant . in Xew ^'ork Cily. which he declinecl to do. 

.\ short time affei-wai'd, while \'rsitin!:: ( lenei'al Sherman in .Xew 
^"ork Citw I asked him why he had not impi-o\ed the opportunity 
of p:i\-|n,u- a trihute to llie memoi'y <if his deail friend, to wliii'h he 
i-eplicd, that he wduld not llnnk of undertaking to |>ronomicc 
a euloi^y on (leneral ( Irani ; thai there was iiol a man h\-in,>; cajiahle 
of pronouncinu a proper euloi;\ on ( leicral ( Irant ; ihal he lieheved 
ih.at (leneral drant's ahilily and militar>- lieiiius would urow wilh 
fuiure ueneralioiis. and licit it wmild Ij" a thousand years before 
his iireatne^s would lie full\- apprecnued .and uud"rstood so as to 
liive him his proper >tandin,ii ,and position in history. 

GENERAL GRANT'S RAPID PROMOTION 
CREATES JEALOUSY. 

(leneral ( ll'alil lia\-in.<i lefl I he arm\ under i'ircumstance> not 
deemed enlireh crei li I ,al ile. .and lia\iliv eiilered llie serxice al llie 
coiiimencemi'iil of the ivliellion from (a\'il lih'. and lieuiii r.apidly 
pronioled o\er ollii'ers who had seiwi'd coiil imioiisly and credil- 
.alil\ ill Ihe •■irnix and h.ad keen awarde(l a limiier s| .andiiiii a- cadels 
al WCsl I'oiiil I hall (leneral (Ir.aiil. aroused a feelinu of caivv. re- 



scnlliiciil and jealousy ihal caused all his acis tci lu- critici/cd and 
lie was aw ardcd scant credit Inr his i^i'cal aclue\'enieiils, su t hat he 
has nut yet lieen L;iaiiled the e.valleil ^landinu in the worlil's 
estinialion that his iiicat acJuevLMiients and ucnius ent il led him to. 
l'"nr these same i-eason> he was n.il alwa\'s accoi-de 1 thi' /.e:di)Us 
s\l|)|)iirl (iT (itliei- (illicers deemed su essential tn the success (if a 
cdinmandiiiu LLcneral. and his rei|uii'emenls nl men ami malei'ial 
wei'e fre(iuently less hee(led liv the < liix'enimelil at Washmulnn 
than the rei|uisit ic)n> n\' mure favdicil cummaiidei's Iti the ea>l . 

It wamld seem ini|Ki,-sil)le tn |iruduce sti-(in,ner prdnf oT ( ieneral 
(Irant's ui-eat aliiht\- than the simple fad that nut wit list andiui^ 
these ad\'efse cii'cumstances, he uained ! went \'-se\-en sulistant iai 
victories without a single fe\'efse lielore lieinti; called east to 
command all the ai'inies. 

The many times that the sel■\ice^ of (Ieneral (Irant wci-e sax'ecl 
to his cdimtry when the\' a|i|ieared cert ain ol' lieim: lost . seems like 
an interposition of l'ro\'i(k'nce. 

After accompaminji t he t i-oops I hat he had assisle(l in ori;ain/inii 
at (lalena to Spriniiheld, and liniliui^ no position except clerii'al 
duties for a few days in the Adjutant-Cleiiefal's ollice. he was aliout 
to return to the leather store at (lalena, ilishearti'iied and <lis- 
liusteil. when (Ieneral Chetlain. then commandint; the ( laletia 
(.'omi)an\'. induced him to remain a few days, duiini; which time, 
liy uii mU'orseen incident, the mustei'in',^ ollicer on dut\' at Spring- 
field was called to other duty and ( lo\( rnm ^'ales appointed 
Captain (Irant to muster some reij;iments info the stale ser\ice 
that had been recruited in excess (if tlie numlier called for liy I'res- 
ident Lincviln. 

While on duty as State Mustering Ollicer, (leneial (Irant had 
ap|)lie(l t(i the War Department for some position. ,ind to Mrii^a- 
clier (ieneral (ieo, li. McClellan at ('incinnati foi- a staff position, 
his duties as niusterimi ollicer lieinu complete(|, and recei\'- 
in.i; no answer whatever from the War I lepart meiit , :nid 
no encouraiiement from (Ieneral Mc( 'lell.an. he was aliout 
returninfj; to (lalena. when .another entirel\ iinforseen 
ex'ent occiii-i-ed that retaine(l him in the seiwice. The 
call for :!(>(), (Il)(l men liy President Lincoln foi- 1 hree vears, service 
lirou.uht the re<;iments that had been organized liv the State ol 
Illinois into requisition. The Colonel that had been elected by 
one of these re.iiiments proveil so incompetent, and in every way 
so unfit for the position, tliat the nien in the regiment refused to 



s('i-\c luiilcr liiiii. and lli^ scr\i't"< nei'c sunnniii':!;. (lispcii-tM! with. 
AlllidUiili I'lunpnscd (II :i s|ilcii(lii! Imdy of nipii, dui'iiiL;: tins pcvidd 
di' inisrnic the iT'^inuMil liad hrcdinc \('i-\- mucli dcnn ii'ali '.rd and 
insnlidrdinati'. ( i(i\ci-n(ir ^.■ll(■s was nnicli [lei'iilcxcd and at a 
Iciss what to d(i, wiicii at tlic snti^cstion nf his aid-ilc-camp, ("ol. 
McCn'.ii^h. (in the loth (if .Innc. ISfil, he offci-cd the (■(ildnclcy 
t(i ('apt . ( Iralit , wIki at uncc accepted the positidli. 'I'iie fcijiment 
was mustered as tlie iMst ill. Infanti'w and under Cdldiiel ( Iraiit 
was sddii lifdUiiht td a de,i;ree (if drill and discipline tMpial t(i any 
trddps in the ser\ice. 

On the 6th day (if .\anusi . l.stil . ( 'dhmel ( Irant was appdinted a 
l^rifiadier-Cieneral. his cdniinissidii dating from the 17th da\' (if 
Ma\' pre\'idUs. Hri'j;adier-( leneral I'en I'lHMitiss held a cdininissiou 
hearinn the same dat(^ and his cdiinnissidn was issued hrst .and as he 
had Keen sdine time on duty as a 1 irijiadier-General liefdfe (Irant's 
appoint ment , lie chiinie(l scnidrit}' liy reason of fdrmer superior 
I'ank. Pidth had ser\-ed in the .Mexican War where (irant held 
superidr i-ank. and (in I hat accduni claime'l preceilcnce thesame 
;is I'rentiss did, by reason df furmer superinr rank. By a chaiu'e 
apparentlx' as uncertain as the thidw df a dice, the decisidii was 
made in ( lenei-al ( irant V faxci'. whi<di gave him cdinmand (if the 
1 )i strict df Sdiitl least Missdui'i, whicli included Cairn and Southern 
lllinids, .and en-dile'l hill, td cdiiimence his career of \'ictory. 

\\ hile in command at Cairo soon after the sei:?;ure of I'a.duca, 
( 'leneral ( irant planneil t o \'isit ( 'ape ( iiiardeau to inspect the troops 
there. Mis intcntidii liecdming kiidwn td the Confederates, the 
steamer that he was stippused to lie on hoard of was stopiied :it a 
point alidUt twent\' mile-- alio\'e (airo li\' a sectidii (if artillery, 
with snpportinn infantry iinder ^hlior Barrett, who had l)e(.'ii a 
St. L'luis acijuiaintance an 1 frien I df (icneral (.irant 's f)efdre the 
War. Sonietliiiig liad occurreil i isi as ( Jeiieral Crant was aliout to 
Lid on the laiat tliat ( aused him to defer his iri);. 

.\t the termination d'' the Baltic (il Beimdiit. on the 7th day of 
Xd\ emliei-. ISIil , t lie I'l.idh i-ii i es luang hard p.res>e 1 l<y .-lu erid! 
numliers nf fresh ti'ddps fi'diii Cdluniluis, liastil\- li(iarde(l their 
t rans ports, which nid\'e(l dul in 1 he stream leaving ( lenei'al < Irant 
(wild was aldiie in a Cdrnfield watcliing the nidveinents of the 
eneni\' ). .\s he c;nne tn the i'i\'er, the last lidat was some 1 5 feet 
from the slidre. The captain seeing tieiieral (Irant. had 
a gang plank shdved (lut, and the ( ieneral's lidrse 
with almdst luiinau intelligence, slid ddwii the steep 



hank aiiil wcnl over tin- siiiylc iraim ))lank (into tlic 
lioat. Till' lichols at unvv (ipciicd lire on llii' t rans]iorts. 
('iciicral ( li'ani , (lisinoiiiitiiin anil iininii inlci liic Captain's rcioni 
a ilj( lining tlic Jiilut hi i use, sal iliiwn fur a iiniiiii'iil , ami t hen ariis<' 
hastil\- and went uiil nn the ii])|iri' deck ; he had just left his scat , 
when a liall |iassi'il tlirmiiih the ronin |ircrisfl\- in rani;c of where 
his head had lieeil liVlt a seroiid heluiv. 

During tlie aiK'aiire mi ( 'oi-inth, when ( leiierai < iiant w as ignored 
and treated witli roiitenipt li\ (lenei-al Haherk. who seenieil 
determined to dri\-e him Ironi the service, until (leiieial (iiant. 
I'eeling that he rouhl eiidu|-e it. no hiii^iei'. had his ramp desk and 
liaggage packed and loaded in an amliulalice i-ead\' to start foi' 
i'ittsliurii jjandiug to take a steamer north, w hi^n he was induced 
to defer such action liy the eainesi intt'rcesMon of ( leneral 
Sherman. 

Dm-iug the siege of \'icksliuigh. (leneral (Irani was hampered 
and delayed hy impraci ical.le onlei- from (Icncial Halleck. who 
al the s.ame time joined with others in ploltiici. auainsi him. and 
clamorini; foi- his remo\al. until such a pi'cssurc was l>i-oughl to 
hear on ['resident Lincoln that he liiiallx' consented to t he issuance 
of an order fo|- (irant's renio\-al. which was cnti-ustcd lo Mi-. 
Dana, .\ssislanl Secretary of W'ai' to Ih' delixcii'd to (ieni'ral 
( ii-ant ill person, if Xickslmruli was iiol capl ured hy a ceil ain date . 
.Mr. Dana arrived al Vicksliurgh on the afternoon of .luly Isl, 
ISti:;, and the next day (_leneral I'emlierton propo.-cd I . surrender 
the iteliel stronghold. Idiis ended all attacks of tin,-, cliaracter 
on ( leneral ( iraut . 

GRANT AS A TACTICIAN 

(ieneral (Irant's strategy at \'icksliiirgh ui runuing past the 
cn(>in\''s hat t cries as soon as he received permission from rresidiMil 
Lincoln to proceed with the siege accordiiiii, In his own judunieiil. 
slands without |iarallel in the annals of modern warfare. .\s soon 
as lu' was free from llallei-k's inipract icahje order,- he disclosed his 
|.)lans to ( leneral Sherman, who deemed I he nio\enieiil so hazardous 
that he protested against it. 

When (h'lu'ral (Irani went east lo assume command of all the 
rnion armies and to person a 11 \- direct the operations of t he .Xriny 
of the I'oloniac. the men in that aiiu\' used to sa\', "lUit (irant 
has never met Boh," meaning ( leiu'ral liohcrt I-;, i,ee. 



At till' Wildfi'ness flenci-al ('.rant oiicfiuiitovod deneral Lee 
iliidei' cil-ciiiiistaiiccs iiinst I'.-i \ urnl ilc I'lir Lee. ami sliU the restilt 
was SI) disastrous tii liiiii that he iie\er atlarked (d'aiit auaiii. Kill 
always after lounht on the defensive. 

Ceiieral (iralit's taetics fiiUi iwiiii; the P>attle cif the Wilderness 
iiiilil the suri-eiiiler (if ( leiieial l.ee at A|i|iriiiiatt(ix are hardl\' 
susce|itil)le nf suceessfiil eriticisiii. he nut oiil}' cdiniK'Hed the 
eiUMiiX' til surrender, liiu I'reNcnted them friiiu escapini; aii<l 
scattering, thereli\' undnulitedly sa\in,n the enuntry many years 
of guerrilla warfare. 

MY LAST MEETING WITH GEN. GRANT. 

.\rri\inii in ^^'ashin.^■ton from the WCst, in .luly. 1S(>^, 1 met 
(leneral .1. ^^'. l)en\'er, then engaiied in the practie." of law in 
Washington, who had suereeded ( ieneral Sherman in command 
of the .")tli lli\ision of the .\rni\- of the Tennessee, and on whose 
stall' I hail served as Chief ol Artiller\ . and it was arranged that 
we togetlier \vould call on (leneral ( iraiit tliat evening. 1 had 
not met (leneral (Irant since he had left the West and gone East 
to assume connnaial of .-ill the a.^nn<■-^. When we arrived at General 
( Irani 's I'esidence, he was out dri\ing and his family were absent 
at some ]ilace of resort in Western Wirgiiiia, hut we were received 
hy his mother, who sealed us in tin- lilirai'\' to await his I'eturn. 

(lenei-al (Irant soon arrU'ed. As he had become so renowned, 
and had receiiti\- lieen nomin.nted fo|- the rresideucy, 1 felt some 
apiH'ehension that he might not fully i-ememlier all the hoys wdio 
had i-iiughed it with hini in the West dui-ii'.g the earl\- days of the 
\\'ar. !iut. as soon as he saw me, he came forward at once, e.xtend- 
ing liotli hands, and a liroth( r, fiom whom 1 had long l:)een absent, 
could not have greeted me more coi'diahw 

As soon as we were seated, he conunenced asking me a great 
many questions regarding nuitters at Memphis and occurrences 
in the \\'estern Ai'my after lie left, and told me many things re- 
garding himself and e^"ents in the Eastern .\rm\'. s[ieakin<i' par- 
ticularly of the excellency of the l'',astern soldiers, and how nuich 
l.ietter he had found them than he had antici]ia.ted. 

Before 1 was aware of the lapse of lime, the hour of midnight 
approached, and as we arose to lea\e, ( leneral ( Irant iin'ited me to 
come to his heaihiuarters the next morning at '.) o'clock, saying he 
(lesireil to talk further with me. 



He liad imt iiiclil 'hhiimI liis recent nnuiin.-il iuii lor llii' l'l'e>i'leii<-\-, 
which I |)l-esiuneil iiiinhi h;i\e lieeii attributed In the iiresenccdf 
(leiieral i)eli\cr. who \\a-< a |)|-i>iiiiiii'iil Memoi-i-al. ami had taken 
quite an active part in pulilics >iiic<' lie had It-i't the army. 

At '.' oVliick the next indrninu, 1 sent a card in liy 
the orderly at (leneral (irant's heaihiuarlers. The (leneral 
came and met me at the door, and lelliiiLi the onlerlx 
to adinil no one. led the way lo hi,- private othce. .A'- 
soon as we weft- seated, he asked almost aliruplly what 
I tliDUuiit of his liein^ a candidale lor President. 1 v\as. 
of course, surprised at I he (inestioii. Iml alter a momeiil 's hesitation 
i re|)lied that d occiu'red to me t hat he could onl\' delenmne thai 
question lor himself, independent of any one's ailxice; that 1 pre- 
sumed hi.' Would surely he elected li\- a hi;; majority and wduld 
certainh' make a ^ood president and leave a r'.'coril tiiat he would 
ha\e no cause to regret, hut I presumed il (ic'ssilile thtit (leneral 
(Jraiit uiiLiht till a prominent pa.i^e in histor\' alter {'resident (Irani 
had heen forciotten. He said that the idea of heiuu President, or 
a candidate foi President, was \-ery repulsi\-e to him. that he had 
rather ,i;(i up allo^•e (ieorijetown and rent a piece of iii-ound and 
start a market fiarden foi- a li\ini; if he couhi ha\c his clioice; 
that ever since \'ii-ksl>uri;h. the politiciaris had lieeuuruinu' him 
to hecome a caiulidate for the i'resideiu'y . htu that he had never 
heeiled their s\ij^jiestions, hut now a million men who had ser\ed 
under his command were tu'^iiii;' it ami it was har.l for hnu to 
refuse their request. 

The General e.vpressed re^t'et thai 1 had not >een fit to accept 
the colonelcy of one of tlie new reuiinents in the rejiiilar Army 
that had lieeii offered me in I'eiiruary, l.S(j(i. He then iiniuired 
if I ^\ iiuld ilesire a cl\il appoiiu meiU in I'ase he \\"as elected , meli- 
tioninii two or three desirahle positions. I answered that I did 
not at present thiidv I wotild wish to ha\e any appointnieni . 

I then told him that 1 had heen informed that the Ser.iieant- 
at-Arms of the House of Hepreseiitati\'es had sent ini|uiries for 
me to Cliicaso and Memphis , that lien Butler desii-cd to ha\'e me 
.stthpoenaed as a witness in theimpeachinent t rial of .\ndy .lohnson . 
then Koing oii , in reiiard to the matter of turniiii; o\er the railroad- 
in the southwest hy the military authorities to their owners, in 
which .lohnson liad ordered a lariic sum of money paid to Col. 
Sam Tale, President of the .Memplns and Charleston liailroad , 
in direct violation of the contract and aiireenient which I had 



ilrawii, il heing charged thai I'rcsick'iit Jiihnsdii liad tlcri\-('(l 
lieiiefit fniin tliis payment. 

(iciLcral (ii-aiit staled llial lie icc(illecl(M| (ul. Sam Talc (■(imiiig 
to liis h('ad([Uart('rs at ("it}' I'oiiil , tnr his approval m' I lie papers 
in the matter, anil lie had heard talk uf the payments since the 
impeaelmient trial had been guing mi. Then at liis reiiuest 1 ga\e 
him a complete history ol' the entire transaction, and asked his 
advice in regard to offering ni^'self as a witness in the case. He 
advised me in quite positi\'e terms not to do so, stating that he 
dill not l)elie^"e thai Johnson recei\-ed any of the money , hut his 
ha\ing heeii induced to order payment after it had been agreed 
that the railroad company should ])resent no claim for use or 
damage to their railroails , might he construed to his disadvantage, 
and he did not think any good result would lie likely lo follow the 
imiieaclunent of President .lohnson , and it might result in serious 
harm. 

1 then told General (Irani thai some months ])reviously , having 
become quite intinuitely ac(|uainteil with (ieneral Hancock's 
brother, he had told me, when in a conhdenlial mood, that General 
Hancock had received a letter at New (Jrleans from I'resident 
Johnson , stating that it was his intention to order him to come 
anil take command al U'asliingion , as he believed it was the |nu'- 
jiose of Congress to impeach him , and if they did he jiroposed to 
put tliem all in irons, and wanted some one in connnand that he 
could depend on. 

General Grant said that when Johnson had ordered (Jeneral 
Augur sent to New York and Hancock |)laced in command at 
Washington .he had susjiected some such design, but did not think 
that it would succeed in any event. 

General Rawlins told me afterwards that General (jrant had 
pro\ided for just such a contingency .and that if Johnson had l)een 
impeaclied and Hancock had ordered any interference with Con- 
gress by the nulilary forces, that his orders would not have been 
obeyed by the subordinate othcers , but that tliey would have 
recei\ed orders direcl from General (irant. 

As 1 was about to leave General Grant, 1 told him that 1 con- 
temjilated going to California. On bidding him goodbye, he said 
if he was elected ['resident and there was anvthina; I desired that 



It wa.^ Ill his I 
cliiicil 1 (1 :i\:ii 
(I.Mirnil lia( 
l'a\iir the ilii| 
tin.- matter li 



iwcr Id ^^raiit . In let liiiii know , l>iil 1 iicNri- felt in- 
iii\'srlf iif his kind siiiiiicst inn. 

■all .-laird in siil jslaiirr that ( icncral ( iraiil I'ainc In 

■achnu-nl nl' l'ri'si(h'iit Jnhnsnii alter a tiinc. In 

was surely niistaken.as ( leneral (Iraiit expressed 



liiniself to me nii this siiliject in \f\y pdsitix'e tei'iii 



General William Tecumseh Sherman. 



GKA'KHAl. SHKHMAX, win, was pnniduncMl l,y Cciicnil 
(Iraiit the lircatcst soldici' li viiii^ , ami \\\\n cdMslit iiUmI tlic 
secciliil I'murr 111 tlic i^raliilcsl I i-iuiii\iratc iif inilitary jicliiusrs tliat 
the workl ever pro.luced. (h'sceiiile 1 fnmi a race of men whii 
left Englauil early in the .seventeenth century for the imrpuse 
of lli^■ol•cinn church fi'orn state, and cauic to America to wrest a 
wilderness from a savajic race and liuild U]) liomes where tliey 
might he free to worship (iod according to the dictates of their 
own consciences , and who would suffer martyrdom rather than 
l)elie\'e that the kind's wa\s were (lod's ways. 

His ancestors Jiail been noteil for many generations foi- their 
culture , ability and intellei'tual |)o\\-ers. From his I'ui-itan fore- 
fathers, lie undoubtedly inhei'ited his riiiid ideas and strict prin- 
ciples. He des[)ised a coward, and had no jjalience with anything 
false or tlislKjiiest. .A person who was disloyal to his country he 
looked upon as one unworthy in live and who should be destroyed. 

General Sherman graduated from the military academy in bS40 
at the age of twenty years .near the head of his class , being especial- 
ly proficient in engineering. His first duty was in the Indian wars 
in Florida, at the termiiuation of which he accompanied an ex- 
pedition to escort some of the Indian tribes to their new homes on 
tlie western plains and at that time passed over a ixntion of the 
route travelled in his mai'ch to the sea , so that he became famili.ir 
with the topography and resources of the country. 

While a lieutenant, he followed the practice of ai'iny engineers 
of mapping the country thrmigh \\'liicli he marched, in which he 
became \'ery e.xpert , and Inning such an e.vcellent memory that 
after a day's march he was abk- to sit down and make a map cover- 
ing the entire distance ,givin<; all roads , streams , fields , fences and 
forests. It is probable that no other person ever possessed so 
complete a knowledge of the geography of this entire country as 
he , no section could be mentioned that he was not able to give a 



UK ire or less dftaili'tl i|rsri-i|)l imi of , wit h i( s t (i|hi21-;i| ili y , i-csiiiii-ccs 
aiiil capahilil it'^. 

Hi,- |Mi\\rr (if iiifiiini-\- was iiKist I'l'inarkaliic . all illu>l I'at inn ul 
wliic'li wa- ,ui\cil i-aii>' ill llic -ir^f of \'irlv>l iur;:li. The Mississippi 
l\i\-t'r was al a liiali -tauc and il was i|csii'c(| to iict >iiiiic ^uiilioats 
n\r\- (lii> hal- ililo tlic Va/no Iv'nrr, Idll Hour of llic pilols prcsciil 
were a Me lo si ale I In' dcpl li ol' water on flir liar a I I he pi v\ailin,u 
stauc of llic river, wlieii ( ielieral Slierinan slated the deptli lliat 
1 here -hollld lie , which proNcd to he i|nilc accurale. 'I'hat he -hoilld 
k'liow I letter t hall t he pilol,- e veiled elirio-it v , and on lieilii; iliter- 
roLiateil. he stated that -oine thirteen years prexioiislx he had 
pa,— ed up the rix'er on a eotton lioat thai ran into the iiionih of 
ihe Ya,'.oo afler cotton , when the ri\er was at alioul t he same >tai;c 
ami that he si Odd on the limv of the lioat and rcnii-ml lered the depth 
of water that the mail calleil wlio was heax'imj, the lead. 

Another illustration of (ieiieral Sherinan's reiiiarkalile memory 
occurred in (leof^ia. while on the march to the sea. In an aliaii- 
ihineil coltoii field near the road where (liaieral She|-inan was 
passitiL;. an old white mule w a,- ura/.ini;. Alter i il isciwin^ it i|ilile 
inteutl), the < 1 en era I askeil -Mime soldiers to dri \e it up lo 1 he fence, 
which lietn^ done, he a-ked a soldier who had a ra/.or to shave the 
hair off It- shoulder and >ee if it did not disclose a T, S, brand, 
'Idle liralid lieiliii found, he Mated that the imile had lieen ill In,- 
change when he was Depot ( )na iii-rina,-l er al Xew" Orlean- at I he 
clo,-e of the \h'Xican Wuv. and had lieeii M,|d with olhi'rs to 
siiiilhern planteis. the ,-laten;ent lieiiiu corrol mra ted li\- the re-i- 
deiit,- on a iiearl i\" plantat loii 

1 lirst met (ieneral Sherman on the liatlle!leld at Sliiloh lloii- 
ton's l',alter\ da-hed acro-s an old cotton held under a hot lire, 
and occupied and held a posilion from whicii another l>atler\- had 
heel I compelled 1 ii retire. .V- soon a- We commenced lirinu, ( lenera I 
Sheniiaii rode up and ,-at on \u> horse lie,-ide me at the left of the 
l'iatter\' and watched the effect of our shot . praisiim our accurac>- 
of aim. and rapidilx' of iiriiii;:, WITde sittiim there lie,-ide inc. he 
recei\'ed a w ouiid li\- a mi lime hall pa -sin 'i t liroULih I he palm of his 
riulit hand, I )rawim;- a handkerchief from his pocket and wrappini; 
it around the injured hand, he ihi-iisl il in-ide the lireast of hi-; 
coal, scarcely takiin; his e\-es from the poinl in the eneiii\-'- line 
where our shot were takitlj: effect, 

M\- I'lallerN- had mil xct lieeii assmned to aii\ dixision ami our 
Colonel. .]. 1). Welisler. Cluef of ( ieiieral ( iraiil's staff, had lieeii 



;i|)|ini\inii IIP.' iri|uisiti()iis Idr ralidiis. tdi'a^c ami all iiccdcil siip- 
|ilics. Ill tlic ciiiii'usion rcsiiltiii!^ IVmii the hattle, 1 il'nl imt know 
\\iic|-f til find ('iildiicl Wclistcr, ^n 1 \V(>iit to (It'iicral Slicniiaii 
witli rc(|iiisitii>iis. ami ('\|ilaininii llic situation, asked liim to 
appnivc tlicni: his woinidcd rijiht liand lieinsr linuml \ip, he signed 
his na.nic with a piMicil in his h'ft hand, without rfadiii,ti them, 
saNinii, "1 will t;i\t' \'iiu anythliiii you want." 

The cxijiencies of the s("r\irc JKnini; lii'oiii;ht me in eontacl with 
(lenei-al Sliennan on the liattletield at Shiloh . 1 serxcil with him 
almiisl I'liur \eais without the foi-mality of an\- order assinninu 
me to his run inland .our I'elat ions hei-oiiiiiii; of a xciy rordial nature 
.•iml so coiitiiiuin.i; to the time of his death, i^oth of his horses 
lia\-in,u lieeii killed at Shiloh and iie left virtually dismounted, 
I presented liini a straulierry loan mare.whirh he named Dolly, 
and liecame \-er\- iiiueh attarhed to and rode until nearly the riose 
of the war. 

(ieneral Sherman's Atlanta rampainn was uiidoulitedly the hard- 
est fdU.o-ht eampainn of the war. thouiih e\eii now its principal 
eNCiits are seldom mentioned and seem passiii.ii from memory, 
while Sherman's mareh to the >ea will live in soni: and story loiiu 
after roiiteni])oraneoUs exeiits ha\-e passed from memorw \ et 
(ieneral Sherman stated to me that the marrh to the sea was the 
easiest ciimpai^n he vvvv made . desrriliiiiu, it as a regular liolida}' 
piellir. 

While I was with < Ieneral Sherman at Meiiiiihis .Tenn. .in .Vuuust . 
l,S(;-_'. he rer(Mved a statement of final settlement from the Seeond 
.\uditor at Washiiiiiron of his aerounts as Depot ( )iiarlermasler 
disliiirsin.i; ofheer .and purehasiiii: a^cnt of the (uivernment at 
Xew Orleans at tlie close of the Mexican War. The amount in- 
Miheil in the settlement wa.-- Iietweeii four and fi\e million dollars. 
The .\uditor claimed a lialance due the ( lii\-erniiient of fifty cents. 
• ii'iieral Sherman stated that he knew that the .Vuditor was niis- 
I akeii , liut preferred |iayiiiii t he lialance to uciinu o\er t he accounts 
aL;ain,so he remitti'd the fift\' cents. 

(ieneral Sherman (\\|)ressed his \iews \er>' freely and in si roii,i; 
terms a.iiainst the frei' admission of t he undesiralile class of imiiii- 
unints from lMiro]ie to this count i\. When Con.uress passed the 
Chinese exclusion act. he >aid to me."-\ow they have clo.sed the 

hack d •. the\- had Letter diUI the front door." 

( haier.al Sherman a- .a colonel comm.anded a hri-ade ;il I he I'.allle 
of Hull l!uii,aiid his were the onl\ I roups tiiat retired in any sem- 



l)laiicc (if yodil ()l'ilcl\ Hr \va^ lic\cr illi'lilinl In >,-i\^ iiiiicli .■iIkuiI 
l'>ull liuii . iliUil 111 If Suiichi\ iiKiriiiiiii ill .luiic . iNfi'J , at L:i < Iraii.ui- . 
'I'ciiii.. lii.- a|i|)(iiiil iiiciil a- a iiiajdi' ,i;('lHTal lia\'iliL; Irccii cniifiriiKMl 
liy I lie Senate . hr IkmI jil-I rerei\'e(l and (hiiined a iiia jnr-iieliel'ar,- 
unil'iiriii ami as \\e were sirring aruund lii- liead(|iiarlei> tent . lie 
a|i|iearinu In exeelleiit huiiior. at the reiillest n( snine of his stalT 
Dllicer-. he ,ua\-e Us a |i]-etlv full desi'vi] >l inn (if the liattle. tellini: 
luiw ureeii and ine\|iefieiiced lhe\' were on IkiiIi sides. and Ikiw at 
(ilie lime lidth arinie,- lieealiie jianic sirickeii and wci-e Minnint; 

a\\a>- \r the liat 1 letield , Init that the ( '(iiifederates reenx'ered 

fmni friiihl first , fet uriied and held the lield which entitled them 
1(1 cla'iin a \'iet(ir\'. 

lie expressed the ii|iiin(in that he eduld lake niie (if his |iresenl 
lirii^ades and wliili (at her arm\' a- they were at I'lUll 1! uii . and t hat 
if Px-aiireLiard had fdlhiwed ii|i his advantage, he (■( mid ea-il;. 
lun-e eajitiired Waslnli^it (in . He -aid he expected that tlie\ w.uild 
all lie cashiere(l fnr makiiii;- such a failure al I'.ull llim.and was 
iiiilcli surpi'ised (HI lieiii^ pi'diiaited iiislead. Iiilly appre(aat iiiu 
the (lisad\anlai;es nf iKnaiiii- a c(ininiand in the east where p(ili- 
lics had much t(i do with c( ml ml I inn niilitar\' nperatidiis . he aske(l 
1(1 lie -ent West. lie had this in \iaw when ( leiieral (Iraiit said Id 
him at the surrender df \"ickslmri;h I hat he had recei\-e(l a iele- 
;;ram iiidicalinu ihal diii' (if llieni would sdun lia\c In llh east Id 
cum Ilia lid the \riii\ df the I'dl diiiac . w hen Sliernian sl ale( 1 ihat he 
Wdiild lie |mi in inms liefure he would iin , " wit hoiil they wmild 
liid\"e the ( 'apilal nilt wes| ." 

It was .always a siilijecl rif r,>;;!-ct |o (leiieral Sherman that his 
family were sn devdieil td a reli^iiius lielief that lie himself cdiild 
iidt full}' -uliscrili!' Id. He t.aikeil w iih me iiianx' times on lliis siih- 
ject . and stated ihat he had un'eii a ,!ireal deal of ihoUfihl and 
s1U(l\- td the -uliject df rehyid:; , and s->iil that tliere was lid church 
whose creeil and I lelief fully c( mfornied to his views, Imi th.-ii 
I lie episcopal f'hurch came the nearest of anw 

The Sum hi \" followinu diir arri\-al in t he lal \" df .Memphis in .lul\ . 
lS(i.', the (Maieral and most of his staff olliceis alteii(le(l t he 
leading; hi pi -copal church in t he (at \' . I he niinisler (if which omit I e( I 
ihe |ira\cr for the President (if llie riiiled Slate-, when (leiier.al 
Siiermaii :il diice ani-e ,aml in a clear . sl I'diij; tdiie df \ nice repe,ate(| 
the pr.ayer. The next iiKirniim he sent an (irderl\- wilh a mile 
Id the p:i-l(ir. -talim; th.il ;i repetitidii (if ihal omi-sion would I le 
deemed snlh(aelit caUse for sendili<j: a lile of -oldiers to close Ihe 



(I('ii('|-al SlicniKiii had lakeii urcat interest in reailiuu ami learn- 
ing all p<issil)le to he leafiied fetiafdini; Jesus ( 'Inist .and told nie 
inofe fei^afdiliti ( 'iifisi 's deeds .eliafael ef .looks and disposition I lian 
I e\('i' learned from otliei' sources. 

I"e\\ men possess so i;enerous or kindly a disposition as did 
(leneral Sherman. Iiis "reatest desire seenieil to he to ser\e his 
friends and aid those in need of assistance. Since the close of 
the war, 1 ne^■er met him or i'ecei\ed a letter from hini. that he 
dill not .ask wherein he could ser\-e me. or express a desire to do 
a fa\'or. 

-\ot loliii hefoi'e his death we spent se\eral days toiiet her , when 
he showed me dozens of letters that he was receivinsi nearly ex'ery 
da\- from old soldiers or their families asking assistance, and few 
whom he knew to he worthy applied in vain. He told me at this 
lime that he made it a rule to set aside one-third of his ])ay eai'li 
moni h to he !j,i\eii awa\' . hut usual I}' hefore the month w as ended 
the amount was more likel\- to represent tw'o-tliirds than one. He 

educaletl sexeral | r hoys who were sons of army comrades eli- 

tirel\- at his own cost and e.\])ense. Uy Act of ('on,n-ress , ( ieneral 
Sheiaiiaii was retii'ecl with full rank. pa\' . emoluments and allow- 
ances, heinii the only r\-ise in which this has heen done since I he 
or^aiii/ation of this (lo\-ermiK'nt . his total pa\' and allowances 
amoiinliii'; to some fifteen hundreil dollars I'ach month. 

The ma^nihcenl catafahiue . escoiled hy a i^raiid pa,i;eant . he.ar- 
iiiii the mi.nhty dead to a final restiiii; place ma\- arouse the ,ni'ief 
of ;i n.alioii.hut when an artillery caisson rtimhled o\-er the pave- 
ments of St. Louis, on a hk'.ak I'ehruary niornini; in IS'.ll , hearinji 
to its place of repose heside the wife he loved so well . and the son 
he so adored, the mort.al remains of that niaiiuificent soldier, 
worthy cit i/en . lii'and patriot. .afTeclionate hushand and lo\in,<i 
father. William 'recum-.cli Sliernian.il drew tears from the eyes 
of imlhoiis and cari-icd with it the hearts of all who were so for- 
liniale as to know intimately, that nohle character »vhose life 
work was eialed. 



Recollections of an Old Veteran. 



T' 



'HI': slnix ,,f llir \V:ir I'm- \\u- \'u\nu will lic\r|- lie told until 
the iii(livi(lil:il r\|>cnclii-c^ uf I Ikim' wIki linlvd t heir l)ivast> 
in I licil' cninil fV V ilcl'cni-c Iuinc lircll liixfli lull ,-.r(i|ic. \ii rin- 
liclll.-liincnt dl' the uildrst r.-incy c:!!! (■\ci' !>.■ lna<lc U< d.. tlir ,-ul.- 
jcet full justice - 1 he stdi'v raniKit lie in:idc mvalci- tlinn the 
tfiillK 

'riiciv IS ri\in,i; in l.os Annclc- . ( ':dilu|-ni:i . a licnl li'inan ulai Ix- 
camc fainnus as a (■(unniandcf (if cdlni-cd Ii-(m)|is. I rclVr In Ki'i;;a- 
dici- (Icnci-al Ivlwai'd I'.nuldii. Wlicn I tii'st knew Inni lir was a 
(■a|ilain in llir Isl 111, Art ill('i'\- , and was (•(iininandci- nl' I'.dUtdn's 
lame Mis ( 'liica.iin Hal Iim-\\ I f he nmld l>r indnci'd tu ivlalc I lie sl(ir\- 
(it Ins iMTSdual ad\i-nl ni'cs il would make a yrvy ml crcsl in;; \ oluiuc. 

l'',arl\' in IS(i'; . ( 'a|)| am I'.outon w as rlncf of Aft illci-\' of < IciHTal 

Slic|-|uan's old di\isi f ilir Ai-in\- of tlic Tcinicsscr . t lirii com- 

maiidcd li\ Ccncfal William Sooc\- Snntli. Wlicii llic Division 
inoNfd from La ( d-ani!,c , Ti'im. , for I lie |)ni-|>osc of staftinii liriua- 
dlcr-< icncral llfuiamm II (Iricrsoii on lii- i;rcal i-a\alr\ raid 
tliroii-li to I'.aton Uoiii;!-. La. , CricrMHi left llic mam column 1)\- 
an oliscuri' r(Kid lliroiiiili a creek I joI lom , lieaMl\- limljcred and 
tliick with underliiu,~li , lakiiii; a sout liwcst crl\- course . while the 
main colunm coniimied on the direct road for the |iur|io>e of luis- 
kMdinii the <'oiifederale scouts, in which I hey siiccei'ded s(] well 
that (irierson's ile|iarture was not discoxcrcil until Ih' had lieen 
three da\s oii his wa\. 

I'aptain l>oUton, accom|)anied li\- Ins faithful orderly, liolierl 
Heckles, n,■^uall>■ aciM)m|ianied the ad\aiice t;iiard when the 
! •i\-isi(Jii was on 1 he march , and fre(|Ueiit l\ exchaiiLied -hots with , 
and sometime- ua \(' chase I o t he <lel aclimeiit s of l{eliel scon Is. who 
were coiitinuall\ lioxiaim: alioul the IVoiil of the column :ind 
w.alchinn- its ino\cnieiil ,-. 

The next da\- after linei-nn'.- coimuand left tin' column, I hey 
encouiilere(| :i |i:irt\' of li\c well inounle(l I onfiMleral es. I'.oulon 



and Heckles exchanged shotis witli them at loiiji ranue , and finall\' 
em])tied one (if the Confederate saddles. \vh(>n they iinniediatel\- 
nave chase, and after a numinii' fiiiht nf iwd or three miles, they 
killed another liehel and captiu'ed t wo ol hers , whom they lii-ou,i;lit 
iiack to the column as prisoners of \\ar. Amonu I he arms they 
captured was a \ery hue gold and pearl motmtcil rcvohcr. 

■Xfter the depai'tiire of (Jeneral ( irierson , the .")th Division of the 
.Vi'iuy of the Tennessee liein.ii left williout (-n'alry . ( icneral Smith 
decided to nioimt two regiments of infantry ,the (ith Iowa .and 4()lh 
( )hio. Sadillcs and horse e(|uipments were ol)tained from Si . Louis 
l>ut horses not lieing immediately ohtainalile Captain liouton was 
ordered to >end oin detachmerits of moiaited men from the lial- 
teries under his comm.and .and iratlier all suitalile animals throuji-h- 
out the country . i'xiutoii frei|liently taking conuiiand of one of these 
exix'ditioiis. 

( )iie da>- while in command of one of these detachments , consist- 
ing of SI) n\- '.HI men , near ^luscnw .Teim. , an oflicer in < 'onfederate 
uniform was seen to emerge I'rom a house sonu' eiuhl \' rods in front 
of the coluimi . mount his horse and ride hastil\' away. 

S(>\eral men started after him. hut he lieinii mounted on a \-('i-y 
Heel animal, left tliem rapidly. .Suine of the art illcry men recdg- 
nized in the < 'on federal e ollicer a lioteil gueri-illa leailer who liy 
his freiiiient raids aloliii the lilii' of the Memphis iV Charleston 
Railroad .often lirirni into and sometimes capturing I rains , foi'ced 
the ( lo\crnnient to maiut;iiii se\'eral thousand -soldiers along the 
line lictwceii Memplii- and (iraiid Jnni-lioii. Only a short time 
before he had at lacked a t lain on w liich was ( leiieral Shei'man and 
staff .and was only heat en off i>y the stulihorii resist a lice of < leneral 
Sherman's Head(|U:ii-ters (luard from the Cilli C S. Infantry. 

Iloutoii heiiiu mounled on a magniheeiit po\\crful I horoUiilihrcMl 
horse th.al was noted as a lolii; ilistance i-umu'l' at once ga\'e chase. 

The road where we were was nni'row and liadl}' waslied out. and 
li\ the lime Piouton got pasi lis, where he had a clear coui-se, the 
Hying Coiifeilerate was a mile awa\'. It was only a few minutes 
liefore it was apparent that lloiuoii was gaining on him, and soon 
we saw the flash and heard the repot of his na\y re\dl\er. 

'I'he Confederate turned in his saddle and i-eturned lioiiton's 
compliment, Imt his horse w.as e\ideiilly failing . and as lioulon's 
kept closing the gap. sliol> wei'e c\r hanged |-apidl\ lict ween ihian. 
finally a^ the Coiiledera I e attempted to tiini into :i narrow ro.ad- 
\\a\' ill a piece of t inilier. he fell from Ins saddle . his horse I'ali a few 



nicls turtlicr :iiul >t<iii|ic(l. Tlir riilcr hail i-cfcivcil a fatal wduml 
in the -mall (if hi- liark. It was an cxcitini; ami il(-|iiTatr i-cinllict. 
\\'c sciiiii rail^hl the liiirsc.a licailliful 1 h(ir(Ui,i;lilirc(l Moruaii. 
That was said iic\i"i- tn 1ki\c liccn licatcii in a iinaflcr (ir half inih- 
rare. With (Irncfal Smith'- |ici-mis-iiin . Hinilun |irc>ciitc(l tlif 
animal td one nf his dHicci-- . w Im aflcfw anls liccanii" Ailjiitaiit 
(if j'xiuton's liri^adc. 

In the -limnicf of IMil, when the ( '(Milcdcfatc (icncfal X. H. 
Foffc-t made his i-clcl ii'al cd da-h llild the cilx^ (if Mcm|ihi-. lie 
fdimd Adjutant A\-('|-y's hdfsf at the ( iavds.i <tal)lcs and tddk him 
with many dtlu'f Imfscs licldiiiiiiit; td I'nidii dllicci--. 

Sddii aflci-.dll thf da>- I'ollow iliu the haltlc (if 1 iarri-<iiil lUi-i^h . 
Iidiitdii's l'.i-i'jad(.' had a iiiiht with < Icnci'al rdrfi'st '- cdiinnand at 
( )ld TdWli Civck. when l-"di'fc-t's Adjutant \\a- Wdiindcd and his 
lidi-c caiilnicd li\ din- men. It licinii a line animal, i'xiiitdn pfc- 
scntcd it Id Adjutant A\cr\ Id fc|ilacc llic (Uic taken liy I (in-csl 
at Mi'm|ihi-. 

We aftffwai-ds lcai-ncd I hat ( M-ncral l"diTc-t <;a\-c A\iT\'s hdfse 
Id his Adjutant Id ic|ilacc the (inc lost at Old TdW n Cicck , sd tin- 
t\\(i adjutanls cxchaiiiii/d hdrscs, withdUt cither lieinii a pafl)- to 
the I fansaetiiin. 

GUNTOWN. 

On the loth da\ df .lune. ISdl. at the I Sat lie of ( hmt d\\ n . M iss. . 
Cdldiiel I'dUtdii . cdinmandiim a Ih-iuade dl' culdi-ed I i'dd|i,- , was 
in fesefN'e LiuafdiiiLi a linii; w aiion t fain and did imt reach I he I lat I le- 
lield mitil nearly :i d'cldck I'. M.. jil-l as t he main liddv nf t he arm\- 
under (ieiieral S. I). SlurLi,es were uiviiii; \\a\' al all pdints. 

AlthdU^h lhi> Idfce cdii-i^ied df fiill\- MHIO \cleran sdldiers. 
w hd.-e lira\'er\- had lieen |ird\-en nn inanxa well fdUiiht I lal I lefield . 
Ihey had lieen sd liadl)' handled, haxilii; lieeli wliili|ied in delail, 
that they liecame t hdrouuhlx- denidfali/ed. As the>- fell hack in a 
])el'fecl jialiic . t he enemy came after t hem in an i in |ieti lulls ru-hiin; 
charuc .which I'xiuldn 's cdmmand w as ju-t in 1 ime td meel .and li\' 
the imhimilalile |iliick ,-ind skill df their cdininaiidcf.and the -|ileti- 
did huhtim: of the cdldivil -dkhcr-. althdU,i;l! dUtnumliered iiear!\- 
ei,L;lit td (inc. KdUldn'- llrii;a'le held the eneni\- in check .dnl\ ^i\-ini;- 
wa\' inch liy inch, alldwinu the demdrali/ed white trd(i|i- td [n-l 
aw a \ . 

Our IwciilN-hiiir |iieces (if artillerx were s|iike(l and lefl in 
a swainp and nearly all I he d| her .arm- and miinilidii- df War ,e\ce|it 



tlioise of Boutdii's coiiiiiiaiiil anil a |Hirtinii (if the i-nalry. were 
aliaiiildiu'il and left fm- the i'iieiii\ . 

With a i-cinirailc li<'l(in,<!,iiitj to a \t'tcraii while regiment .1 watched 
fof a liinu time the stiililini-ii I'l'sistaiire cif li(iut(in's men , alw a\> in 
iil'der as the\- would fall liaek a tew feel . face .s(|iiare almut and 
deliver theif dead I \ \ii|le\s . which t he\ ke|it U|i fi'din '• I'. M . until 
dark. A more sti-ikim; illiistlatidii of wlial can lie acc(im|ilislied 
li\- thdrdUtih drill and sli'ict diMa|jhne could not well he fuiMiished . 
as most iif these men were (U-iliiiai'V Held hands imcdltciii planla- 
tiiuis lull little (i\cr a \'ear liefiil'e. 

At the end nf this must disasl|-nu> da>. rMiUlmi ^al hered all 
the men he had left ahle f<i|- dut\-,S(ime fnur hundred and fifty, 
and defeiidecl the rear nf ( leiiei-al Stni'iii's' denidj-alized army, 
and held Ihe liel lel.- . ~dine ciiilit t housand si niiiu . ill check . fl'din 
the lialllefield to ( lennanl (iw n . near .Meiii|ihis. sdiiic eitilit \-diie 
miles . for t w n days and ninhts . c'diit iiiuall> under hre . ediisritutinu . 
as has lieeii \'ei-y a|>|ird|irialel\ stated, diie iif Ihe must suliliine 
e\ani|iles df hei'dism dis|ila\ed diiriiiL; the war. (ieiieral \\ asli- 
liurn prdiidunced ihis niie (if the iiidsl heroic deeds recorded in 
history. 

As I rode |iasl the deinorali/,e. I iroops from the hattlefield lo 
Mem|ihis. I laile(l to see e\('n a simple sipiad maini ainiiiu its oi- 
L;ani/ati(iii . and not a sintile IhiL; was to he seen, and scarcelx' a 
man h;id relaiiied his arms. 

I'rex'ious to this lime, the co|ore(l troo|is had heen considered as 
.■idapteil for miard and faliune dut\ oiil\ . Iiilt on thi- occasion 
the white tro(i|is were \ crx ulad thai the\ were lietwcen tliemsel\-es 
and the enein\, 

( )n the early ."sun day mo mint; followiiii; the bloody tenth of .1 line . 
I saw niarehiiii; ii to and ihroiiiih the streets of .Mem|ihis the rem- 
nant of Pxiiilon's Brigade, aliolll ■_'(l(l stroni;. with colors Hyinji. 
under perfect ahunnieiit . sleppiiu; off in reiiuhir lime to the ratile 
of drum and shriek ot fih'.soine of them hatless .-iiid lia rehioted . 
their Mack faces shinini; in the mornini; sun. the proudest lot of 
Markies that the War had pro(liice(l . and well niiuht lhe\- h-c| 
proud, for thex had eoxcred themsel\-es with ulor>-. 

This foi-ce represeiiled ihe remaining cH'ectiM' slreliiith of 
lietwcen thirteen and fourteen hundred men tli.-it had marched 
tort h some ten d,a\s pre\ ioii.^h . 

The ('( 111 federal es foil;; ht w il h desperal ion a I ( liinl ow n . and mil - 
numlierini; I » niton's cominand -o L;reatly . {\\vy atlempteil to turn 



his left flank and suiruiinil luni, lo prevent wlnrh he took some 
eighty men ami cle|)|(i\e:l them as a skiiini^h line fnuii his left 
Hank Kark to the icai. While so enuau.'il a lialtalinn iif Hehel 
eavalry ehai'iii'd iipdn him ami his skiiini-hers . (if wlmni (inly 
t welve eseajied ali\e. 

HdUtim and his iirderl\' were suri'iiumle(l liy some thii't\' nr t'urty 
iif the enemy, who \-ei'y perem|it(ii-il\' (irdereil them to sui'i'ender, 
instead nf ddini; w liieh I hey emplieil t heif i-e\i i|\ els at 1 heii' ii|ipi in- 
cuts at very chise ranac and 'j^:\\c spui' id theii- hurses. 

HdUton lieinu nidimreil on a \ei-\- pnwerfiil hm-se was alile td 
lireak thrdUi;h the eiiem\-. fdllnwcd li\- his oi'defly . Imt lhe\- soon 
eneduntered a deep wash nv ra\ilie. with pe|-pendiclllai- liauks. 
HdUtdii's hdise made a ticniemldus leap, lint was dniy al>le tn just 
i-ati-h the fuft hei' side . linutiin leapim; untd the hank, and his 
hdi-se fallini: hack td the lidlldm cil the ravine, iiathered himself 
up and ran ddwn I he ra\ine td a puinl where he eduld uct dut , ami 
eame ai'dund and juined hi~ maslei' . ^lidwini; alinnsl hiiin.-iii intelli- 
geiiee. The dl'dei'h' ha\im; turned ddwn the ra\ine >dmi'\\ hat was 
alile td rrd>s and they smin fduml a \\a\- afdiind I lie head nf the 
r.avine and rejdined llii'ir rdinmaiid. 

While they were surfdunded . a disnidunted i'a\alr\- man. whose 

rarliine was out of order so lie roul 1 not lire il . came ii) Piouton's 

left side, while he was lirint; at those cldsim; in on the riulit . and 
aimeil a lilow at his head . wit h lii> carliine in liotli haiid>. Seri:eaiit 
.lohnson of Coinpauy H of the .V.ltli Colore 1 Infanlrx- who was a 
powerful fellow . spraiiu' fdrwanl .and cal cliim: I he lildw on his arm , 
sei.^ed the carliine and dealt the Confederate a lilou that crusheil 
his skull . Serucaiit .lohnsou's own nun lia\ini; lieeii liioken up in 
the hand to hand enciiunter. 

( luiitdwii \va^ diie df the iiicist disiiraceful disasters that occurred 
to the l"nion arms diirinn the War. luit it at'fordeil Colonel Houton 
an opportunit\' of winniii<; the star of a Hriuadier-l ieiieral. 

l'"ive da>'s later. < ieneral I'xiuton auaiii took the field with a fresh 
couimand. some 4.">()l) stronu. and won .-iilditional hdiiors at 
I'diitdtoc . Tupelo . Harrisonliurnh and ( Hd Town Creek. 

GEORGE HASKIN, 
Late 1st. Lieut, and Adjutant of the 55th. U. S. Colored Infantry. 



From Pontotoc to Tupelo. 



Till'] followinjj statement appears in a i>aper prepaveil hy 
(",.1. Rdhert Cdwdeii (it' Dayton, Ohio: 

"One of (leiieral llouton's best achiexcnients, wiiieli 1 luive 
iHit noticed in print. l>nt whieli iIhI not escape the eyes of his 
snpeiiors, occuvreil uw the llilh of July, ISti-l, only one month 
after the disaster to olir troops at Ountown, Miss., when in com- 
mand of some 4.0(H) men. white and colored, lie made a march of 
twentv-twd miles in one day. from Pontotoc t<i Tupelo, Miss., 
iiuardintv a lieavy train of three hundrecl watious and fighting at. 
the same time four distinct hattles. eacli successful, and against 
superior odds. Oenei'als A. .1. Smith and .loseph Mower, pomniand- 
inij, cor]is and ili\ision I'especlively , declared this achi(>A'cment 
unsuriiassed within their knowledge." 

(ieneral A. .1. Smith's command, consisting of Mower's and 
Moore's Divisions of the Kith coips, aggregating S ,;!lll) nu>n i)rcsent 
foi- dut\', (Ieneral (Iriei'son's ca\-alry, 4.00(1 strong and my com- 
mand of 4.oO(l. the greatei- poi'tion of whi(4i were colored t I'oops , 
.■irri\-ed at I'ontotoc. Miss., from Mein]ihis , Tenn. , late in the 
aftei'iioon of .lul\- 1 1 . 1.^04, and went into camp on the high ground 
or hench on whidi tic old town of Pontotoc is situated and to the 
south of the town. Still further to the south, the ground sloiied 
down to a small creek and I hen I'ose again . forming anol liei' liencdi 
on whi(4i we found (Ieneral I'oi'rest 's Heliel forces occupying a 
strong position on the Okalona road. 

()ii the I'Jth. our ca^■alr\■ skii'misheil with Forrest's conunand 
and i-ecoimoitei'ed their position in an appaivnt efi'oil to foi'ce an 
advance south on the Okalona Itoad. Forrest supposed it to lie our 
purpose to go to ()kalona anil destroy a large quantity of Confed- 
ei'ate supi)lies ami then turn east anil join Sherman in front of 
Atlanta . whereas our leal ohject w.is todivert Fori-est fromthreat- 
ening Sherman's right Hank, and cripi)le the Mobile ,{■ Ohio Hail- 



r(i:Hl liy (Ic-I |-(iyiiin ;i loii^ l|-<-.|lc lliniiliili llic (»l(ll(i\\ii Crci'L 
lioltiiin >(i|i;c 1 \\<'ii( \-->i\ miles i-.\^\ n( I'oiilnloc. 

Al I \\"(i (I'clork nil ihr iiiiiriii ii!i iit' llic Kllli. ( 1 nci'M in 's i"i\:ilry 
witliili'cw IViiiii ill Iroiil 111' {''(iiTcsf 's coiiiiiriii' 1 . iiii:i iii.-ircliiiii;- liai-k 
thnniiih I he Inwn nf I'diil nl m- , limk n i-d.-rl luniiii^ iliircnsl towtinls 
'i'll|icl(i, ihcir ilcsliiinl inn licinti llic lonu li-i-sllc nii llir .Mnlnlc 
linad. Tlicy WCIV snnll inllnWcil liv Mnniv's nllil lllcU MnWcl'V 
l)ivisiniis, lcn\'iii<i nil- In I'nilnw ami take care nl' our lica\-\ Haniin 
train nl fully lliroc liiimlrrd wau'niis, ami I'DitcsI s cnininaml nl 
snnic Ki.ndl) men. a lai'i;c pnitinii licinu (■a\alry ainl iiiimiilcil 
infantry, with four liatlcrics nf artillery, (ieneral Sniilli .--enl nie 
niie rei^iineiil nf caxali'W the 7tli Kansa.s. kiinwii as the '■jvalisas 
.Ia\-lia\vkers," almiit .".(10 strnli,;^. He InM me that he ilesireil |,, 
make this Hank inn\'einenl anil ilestrn\ the railrnail. ami caini|iel 
Fnrest to lia:lit us in a |insilinn nf nlir nun seleelinli. inste.ail nl 
in the .strnnn |insitiiin he nei'U|)ieil on the Okalnn.a Knail . i;i\ inn 
as anntlier reasnii . I li.at li\- hi-' |ilan we won Id lie read\- In start liack 
tn .Meni|iliis imnieilialely after the liallle with niir wnunded 
wliieli wnllld lie easier fnr lis anil nmrt' eninfnrtalile Inr iliein. 

After e\|ilailiin,i; the sitll;ifinii and his |ilans. he direrted me (n 
(In as liesi I i-niild in i^iiardini;- t he rea r nf t he enlumii , 1 ml tneall 
(III him fnr liel|i at any time if I. rc(|uireil it. I [e e\|iressed the 
(ipininii thai (111 discn\-erini; his mnvemeiit s t ha t k'urresl wnuld 
start nil a parallel race fnr the railrnad and wmild imt lie likidy 
tn cause nie iiuicli t.rnillile. l'',\('lits demniist rate(l that, in ibis 
respect tieiieral Smith w as niislakeli . as ( leneral l''(irresl re.alize(l 
(lie lin|ielessness nf headiiiij, nlT (ll'iersnii's caAalry liefn|-e tlie\- 
cniild re.ach tlie railrnad . and directed hiscHnrls In tr\iiiL; In force 
(ieneral Smith intn .a Kattle liy \igornusly attackiiiii the rear nf 
his cnkinm. 

It was I ml a little after fniir n'clnck. when a liri,i!,ade nf c,a valry 
atlacke(l my pnsitinn on the lirnw nf the hill, faiaiiu snutli, in 
front of I'nnlotoc , w liicli I sonn- repulsed wit li snnie t wo t hnusaml 
infantry and a liattery .Insiii^ Imt (wd men. \\v then ninxcil hack 
thrnui^h I'niitntnc and fnllnwed the main coliimii on the Tupelo 
Road , seiidilii; the wa,t;(in (rain ahead wi(h three or four men tn 
guard eaidi wagnii, and the Kansas .la \ -lia w kers Miiardini; the 
rear. Fnr almul a mile east of I'nnlntnc, ihe cnuntr\' was level 
and o|ieii, and here (lie Confederate c.a\alry came on in sti'onu 
force, so that the .lay-hawkers could mil Imld them in check. M 
the east edge nf the liencli we were on, there w.as an alniipl des- 



i-ciit (if sdiiic sp\'PiUy-li\'(' IVcl . till' mad tunieil sharplx' t(i the left . 
ildW 11 a cut oi' (luu-way to t he IkjI tiiiii uf t he hill . then tunuuii l)ack 
t(i the i-'itiht across a creek aiiil (i\'er i|uite a stretch of s\vani|)\- or 
|ii,^u\- (fi-diliiil with a c(ir(hiroy passaue way hllilt of hi,i;s anil 
I'ails <-riissiiii; it: then ahoiil half a mile (i\er firm urotind, with a 
corntielil on tlie left, ami oak lirush on the rijiht , then risini; some 
lliirt\- feet oil to another lieiich, where the road turned to the left 
ilowii the cut . a |»iinl of l he hiuh urouml e\teii<liiiu around to I he 
rii;hl , which was encloseil jjy an old rail fence completely co\-ered 
with lilackherry Imshes. 

The road approai-hed direi-tl\' lowanls this position until it 
liirned III the left close (o I he old h'lice. A lietter o|)port unit y 
for an amlmsh could liardl\- ha\e heeii arram^ed . and 1 took ad- 
\anta,ue of it . Iiy placinii ( 'apl . .layiies of I he 61st Colored Infant ry , 
with two companies, hack of ihe brier co\'ered fence, where I he\- 

were entirely concealed fr \iew. As the rear of our column 

disappeared dow n the cut , t he ( 'mi federate cavalry . who were rush- 
iiiu aftei- them , were pei'inilled In approach until they commenced 
to turn . when Captain .lay lies i^ax c them a \olley with the muzzles 
of his iiuns liut a few feel from those in aiUaiice. which emptied 
man\' saddles and threw llie column into confu.sion , and the sireaf 
minilier pressini^ forw.ard kepi those in front front ^-ettinti away, 
until Captain .laynes was en.-diled to lire two or three volleys iiitii 
ihc confused mass, when he withdrew down the steep face of the 
lilul'f and joined the column withoul losin.i^ a num. 

This set-liack checked the eiiemx until we were crossing the 
causewa\', when lhe\- liioujiiil a li;illeiy of four small liore rifie 
iiuns into position on I he liliiff , near w here we had aniliushed t hem . 
and opened an enfilading lii'e on our I'oluinn . as it was crossing- 
the causewaw 

This was certainh- \'eiw anno\ing.anil it rei|uii'eil threat el'foi't 
on the part of the oHicers lo keep the men cool and march I hem 
o\-er the causewa\- with this liatter\- firing into the column from 
1 he rear . Init fort una t eh the m.arkmaiiship of the gunners in this 
hattery was not good. As soon ;is po.ssihie, 1 sent a stafi' otticer 
forw.'ird and had Captain Smilh, who was near tlie head of the 
column, take a position on the hill heyoiid witli liis hatter\' of 
rille guns and o|ieii lire at long range on the hattery in the rear, so 
as to di\'ert their fire as miii'li as possihle from our troops on the 
causewa\'. .\s soon as the men were prettx' well o^■er. 1 hurried 
forw.ard and placed a regiment of infantrv in tlie corn field to the 



Icl't ,,f Ihr 1-0:1,1, :,li.l aliullirr in ihc ,,ak hushes nn the n.Jil, 1 
llicii I'liriiicil the I'cst 111' iii\- iiilaiil ry on llic I'i'li;!' wlicrc Siiiilh's 
li:itt('r\- was in jmsil imi , w il li l.aliiliiiiirirs I'al I cry far! he r ii|i I ',r 
I'iduc t(i I he Icl't 111' I lir read. Tliis line was sniiir I lircc iir Inur liun- 
(1i-(m1 yanls in tlic rear nl' tlic t w u reiriniciits in the cuni ami lirusli, 
anil in full x'icw nl' llir a|i|iriiai'liini; enemy. 

Wlien ( ieliel'al I'lHTesI s;i\\ lii\' line rii|-|iieil nil llie niliie, lie 

liriiU,<;lil U|i a liriLiaile nl' iiil'aiilvy aiiil ilis uiiliiii:' a |Mii-tii)ii nl' liis 

ra\-alr\', I'nniieil twn lines III' liallle ill rliise >ll 1 1] ini'l iin; ilislalire nl' 
eaeli nt her. AiU'anriliLi: i'a|iiill\' tn i- ha rue I he line nn 1 he riiluc, rliey 
ran ri,i;ht intn the twn reiiinieiils rmirealeil in the eni'ii ami liriish . 
wliii iiave them twn nr three liea\ \ \nlleys at \ery rinse raliue anil 
then I't'll hack In the main line, when we n|ielieil a hea\y lire 1111 
I hem . I he t wn lial leries .llsiiiu ranisler , w liirli sunn rniii|ielleil them 
In fall liark nut III' raiitie. in rniirusimi and with heavy Inss. 

The sexcre |iunishmeiit iiiHirted nil I he eneliix' uj.) tn this time, 
with sn little Inss tn iHirseUes, ralised liim tn he iiinre raUtinlls, 
anil we were |ierinilted tn |irne(H'il rnni|iarati \ely nnnmlested t'nr 
snine ti\c iiiiles In Kiiii^'s I 'Ian tat inn. Here we were attain at larked 
liy a st rmii; I'nrre rnlilinn U|) rrnlll t he |-ear. wliirli we surreeded in 
re|)ulsinij alter prellN' hard liiihtinL^ I'nr snme time, hy taking ail- 
xantatje nf the I'nrmatinn nl' the L;riiuml. .\ L;rn\'e nf nak timlier 
and snme nld I'eiires prnlei-led nur men In a i;reat exfi'lil , while 
the enemy were rnm|ielleil In :iil\aliee e\|inseil In the full fnrre nf 
nlir lire. 1 fniind a lireal aiUanlaiie 111 my arlillei'v, haxiiiLi: twn 
splendid I lal teries t h.al were very ellirieiil ly lia iidled , wliile ' ieneral 
l-'nrresi 's I lat leries were sinw in netting intn pnsilinii and nnt e\- 
reedinjih' efferliN'e when in artinii. 

The hf^lit at Kind's l'laiit;itiiiii was mil)- jiisl nNi^ralid the enin- 
maml fairix' under wa\ auain, when a \ii;nri)Us all.aek was made 
near t he head nf I he rnluiim li\ ;i si miiL:; furri^ nf innmited infantry 
and a ha I ter\ nf si.\ pi nmd i;ims , w Inch l'"nrres| jiad pushed fnrward 
nn a ]iarallel rnad :iliiiut a mile In nur riiilit. The luifterx-, firiiiij: 
mil) nur waiinii tram .killed se\eral mules and w reeked fnur wa.umis , 
sn we had In alialidnii I hem. Mv I wn hatleries were alile In snnii 
sileiire the Ueliel lialler\'. :iiid eninpel il In retire, when with a 
free use nf eaiiisler. they were alile tn aid the line nf smne three 
thiiusaiiil ilifantrx' lliat I had lirnu,t;iit intn ai-tinn, in repulsing the 
remainder nf the enemx's furees. with rnnsideral ile Inss. 

[n falliiii; hark frmii this pnsitinii. the enemy were rnmpelled 
tn eriiss an nld rnttnn held under a lint lire friim nur iiifauti-\-. 



.■mil :irtillci'\- . ami riMiii oui- ])iisitiiin, we cduld sec the jirnniid in 
the (lid licld ddtlcd liy a ,i:,(h"1 many ui'ax' iiiiironiis alter the liiilit 
was (i\i'r. 

It liail evidently lii'i'ii iMirfest's iiiteiitiun ru lia\-e these two 
attai'ks made simultaiuMUisly . wliii-li would reitaiiily liax'e been 
(plite eiiiliaffassiiii;:, liiit Inrt imately , they wefe so timed that we 
were able to ji:ive uuv undi\i<led atteiitimi to each nl' them res])ec- 
ti\-ely. W'e were still not allowed to proceed on oiir way un- 
molested, liut for a short time, when we were again attacked and 
for some six hours, covering a distance of about five miles, I was 
compelled to have from one regiment to my entire command in 
line of battle and under fire, until darkness iiiler\-einiig, the 
enemy ceased his attacks, and we proceeded into camp at about 
ten o'clock r. ,M., luning marched twenty-two miles in eighteen 
hours, with almost coatiiiuous fighting. 

Twice during the day. General Smith seiU an oliicer back to 
enquire if I needed assistance, lail knowing liis purpose and his 
an\iet\- to proceed, 1 reported that we were all right , and 1 thouglit 
would be able to get through, but just after ilark when the fighting 
was nwv and we were some four miles from camp, we met Colonel 
]->urgh , whom General Smith had sent back with a lirigade of ca\-al- 
ry. It was a soiu'ce of satisfaction to meet these fresh troops, 
although we did not longer need their assistance. 

When Generals Smith and Mower learned fully of what we had 
accomplished that day, they were unstinted in their praise of our 
achievement, but General Smith censureil me for not calling for 
assistance. At abo\it 11 A.M. that day, we saw large volumes 
of smoke rising some distance to the east, showing that General 
Grierson was destroying the big trestle on the .Mobile Road. 
The next morning at daylight, we conunenced forming a line of 
battle arid soon after sunrise were hotly engageil in the Battle of 
Harrisonburgh. 

Prisoners who were captiu'ed at Harrisonijurgh reported that 
f'orrest admitted a loss of 4,")() men on the 13th between Pontotoc 
and Tupelo, while my loss that day was but 42 men. 



Incidents Relating to the Battle of 

Harrisonburgh or Tupelo and 

the Colored Troops. 



TIIM r.alllc <il IhiiTisdiiiini-uli, luiii;lil .111 Ihc 1 Itli ..I .lilly, 
lNC)4.\V:is iiiail^il|-atc(l liy a lim^l uallaiil, IIkiu^Ii disnst- 
I'dUs cliar.iic 111' Cdldiicl l-'aillklicr's Cuiifcdcratc liiiiiailc. Tlic 
riiiiiii and < 'iiiit'cilri'alc Ini-i-cs were |iretly e^'eiily iiiatrhed sn la i' 
as iiiiliiliers were ciiiicei-iied. ( leiieral A. .l.Sinilli lia\'iliii alidiil 
Ki.MKl men ui wliiini 1(1011 were eaxall'y uiidei- i leiieral llriersdii. 
while (leiieral {•'..rresi had Milne l(i..")(l(l. aliuut tW(i-thinls cil' 
whieh were (■a\alr\ and inoniiled inlanfry. We. as usual, had 
a ]ire|iiinder,aiiee iiF ariiller\. lla^"inL:: six liatU'ries (ci I'drresl's 
f.iur. 

Ill the twciity-cme fiiihts ihat 1 had iiKJiiljicd in willi Fdirest ilur- 
iiii^ I'dur yi.'ai>. 1 ne\'er saw liiiii use surh jHHir faelies as <in tliis 
dccasidii. AlllidU,uii he had the liesl a|i|idiiiled and lai'.^est fnrce 
that he ever edinniaiHk'il .lie delilieralely <j.i>\ his edniinalid wlii plied 
in <lelail. just as (ieiieral Si urf;es had ddiii' when he ^dl u> sd 
terrilily iiseil U|i in lif;hliii;i l-'drrest at ( lunldwii imly aluiul luie 
nidiilh lieldre. 

The rnidii Line was Idiined iin a seini-ci reiilar or horse shiie 
shapeil riduc, with MiKire's Divisidu 4(10(1 sli'diiu on I hi' 
I'inht . (General .hie ^hlwel■'s i»i\-isidn, 4:|0() slriiiiii. in 
the center, .and my cdmm.aiid d! .some h'lOO men mi 
llie left, with the cavalry in reser\c and mi the 
llaliks. It was a lieaUtiFlll. c'lear. Iiri^ht nidi'iiiiii;. I he sun had 
just risen and diir lilies were liardl\' fiirmed . \\ hen we saw a |idrtidii 
(if the enem\'s fdrces fdrniinji; dH hi^h !;rdUiid some 1 L'OO \ards in 
dur t'l'diit. As sddU as lurnied , llie\' ciimnieiiced ad\-.anciiii; tci 
make a idiariie. It was Faulkner's IJriiiade, alimit L'OOO stroni;. 
([uite a numlierdf them were K'entuckians, and it was a s])lendid 



IkhK (iF iiifii. well (■(|ui|i|ir(l. A.- tlic> ailvanced with steady step 
and perlV-ct aliiiiiiiiciit , with llicii- liriiilit arms "-listening in the 
nidrnini; sun in sudi phiiii \ic\\ , I ihnuuht it as hoautiful a siitht 
as 1 fvt'v liclielil. Thry inciNccl ildw ii t he slope in their front , across 
a strip of level uround and coinincnced aseenthng to the ridge 
on which our line was fornied. without a shot being fired on either 
side. About one-third of l-'aulkncr's ISrigade caiiic in front of the 
left of .loe Mower's line and about two-thirds in front of in\- line. 
1 took a position with Smith's |-'>attcr\' . which was on the left of 
niy right reginient anil iieaii\- opposite the center of l-'aulkner's 
line. He himself was directl\- in u\y front , mounted on a s|ilendid 
iron gray horse. 

1 had sent an oriler along ni>' line to take the signal to fire from 
Smith's Hatter}-, and the same refiuest to Mowei-'s line. They 
presented such a betiutiful sight and seemeil so bold and uncon- 
scious of danger, that I felt reluctant to give the oi-der to tii-e , until 
they were certainly not over 15() yards from oui- line, when 1 sai<l 
to ('ai)tain Smith that it was time to sto]) them. He at once gave 
the commaiiil to tii-e. and the report of his entire battei-y sounded 
as one gun, followed by a \-olle\ that i-oai-ed like an avahtnche 
and made the ground ti-emblc. 

A shot from one of Smith's guns killed l'aulknei-'s horse, throw- 
ing him to the ground as it fell. He si)i-ang to his feet , waved his 
sword and commanded ," l'"oi-wai-d , Cluii-ge! " when a minnie ball 
struck him pi-ecisel\- in the center of his forehead, killing him 
instantly. His conmiand was thi-own into confusion and under 
a heavy concentrated hre of infanti-\- and ai-tillery , scattered back 
us best they could. Severtd of our olhcei-s and men estimated that 
not more than one-third escajjed , but, as is usual in such cases, 
this was undoubtedly an e\cessi\-e estimate. 1 presume, however, 
that one-fourth to one-thii-d wei-c killed or wounded. 

It afterwards transpired that (lenei-al I-'ori-est had addressed 
Faulkner's men before they made the chai-gc, telling them that our 
forces were the same kind of troops tluit tlie\- had overcome so 
easil\- at (amtown, and would i-un as soon as they charged them, 
and that it would lie necessary to act htistily. or the cowardly 
Yankees would all get aw;i>- before they could catch an}- of them. 
This, undouljteilly, accounted in a great measure for the bold and 
reckless maiuier of tlieir appi-oaching so close to our lines. 

•lust before we opened fire on I'aulkner's line, Lieutenant 
Henninjiwav, a vnung officer from b)wa, who was ;i universal 



Ia\"()nlc witli all wliti knew Imn . -Icpiicil ii|i id me ainl saliil iiii; , 
liniidcil iiic a Icllci-, rr(|ni'>l iiiu me Id iiiail it w lien I rrl iinuMl t<i 
Mciii|>liis, I lliiiik lie was llic lirsl man killiMl iii iii\- cdiimiaiuk 
111 Ins |i(ickcl wa- tdiiiid aiidthcr letter aiklrcsscd Id lii> iian-nts in 
idwa.dii whirli was wrillcn tin- rc(|iicr-l that aiiydiic wlidsliduli! 
i-dine iiild |»isscssidii df the IclliT slidiilil IdrwanI it id iis ilcslina- 
lidn . aikliiii; that slionlil it Ijc an (■ncni\' . In l.ral- in nnnd that he 
Wduld liaxc InUilli'd a similar rri|\ics| iindrr like (an-iinisl aiirc-^. 
It iraiisimvd later, that in IxjIIi these letters he had state(| that he 
expiM-ted Id he killed, alid that l.eldiv leaving Mem|.hi,- he had 
settled all his aftaii-- with dtlier dihi'er.- and the Mitler. and had 
exprevseil a |iresentimelit that he winild lie killeil, I ie w as a splen- 
did dllieer ami nexcr slnrkeil duly. 

Kaih'in I his eiiuaiiemenl a I'eliel I lat ter\ , deeii|i\-iim a |"isilidli 
dii the d|i|id.~ile iidi;e. .-diiiewh:!! Id iIh' riuhv dl' I he pdiiil fidiii 
which [•'aliikner's klriiiaile starleil Id make their eharue.eiil the 
heads dIT df iwd lii-diher.- nameil Let lermaii . as siiidcthlN as it 
eoiild lia\c keen ihilK' with a lil'dad axe, 'i'liev were IVum illitiids. 
diie was a lirsl lieulenaiil and the dllier a serueani in diie (if in\' 
rei;iineiits . and were standi iiu diie kehiiid the dl her w hen I he vhe|| 
struck them. 

Sddii after the ehaiiic df j''aulkiier's lirii;ade was repiilse(|. I he 
enemy maile (jlllle a xiudl'diis attack dii Mddi'e's |)i\-|>idn dii the 
riiiht . which was re|jiilse(l with cdiisideral ile luss in le,-,s than an 
hdiir. I'di-resl then iiid\ed the main kinlv-df his I rdups ardiinil In 
Ihe left and attacked m\- cdiimiand at akdiil II d'ch.ck .\. M., 
anil kn^htiiii; w.-is kept up with liltle intermi^sidii till iiearix" im;ht. 

.\l alidiii three nf 1 'drre-~l 's Hatlerii'S and my I \mi 1 la I teries 

under ('aplaiiis Sinilh ami i.a ml loiirn . eni;aL:ed in a \cry pretty 
artiller\- duel, which lasled for neaiix" two hdiirs, 

.\fler inakiiiL; the attack mi my li ne . ( leiiera I kurrest , w Imse 
fiirco L;reall\- diiI niimliered mine, made a delermined effdrl In 
I urn \i\\ left Hank. Ila\in^ e\'er\ man eiiuani'd . I sent in ( M'lier.al 
Smith fur assistance and he sent me I he ill h 111 (■a\-alr\ .a >plendi<l 
re.nimelil w he w ere am a d with ( 'ell > lexdhinu nlles . a \ crx' ef'fec- 
li\c arm. Init lno hea\ \ fur memiled senice, "ldie\- were dis- 
iiidimted. .and furmini; line mi m\" left were \f\\ edicient in repills- 
im; I'lirresl 's Hank md\eineiil 

.\s ihis remmenl was .aliiiiit I'diimim line diiwn I he ridi;e Id in\- 
lefl , Ihere lieiiii; -nine .i.ak rail haice- in mir rear, I direcled I he 
men Id carr\- the rail- up and pile them aluiiL' the ridue td fdrm a 



biirricado or hrcaslwiu'k In pi'olcct Ihciii. As one of I lie men was 
carrying an anuful of rails |iast iiic a sliell burst in liiiiit of us and 
a piece (if il sti-u<'k llie rails as tlic\' rested against tlic man's liddy 
and he saulv tn tlie lii-mnid and in a moment was dead. As smin 
as tlie fiiiiit was uver. Ilie suriienns examined the liiidy, liut could 
not find a marli on it. 

'I'he extension of my line witli tlie regiment of ca\ah-y defeaiecl 
t he enemy's Hank movement , liut the fighting was coni inued with 
miii-e or less \-ig<ir until neai'iy smidown. when the eneni\' witli- 
di-ew from our innncdiale front. .\s night approaidieil . I ordered 
a company from each i-egimeni deployed as a skirmish line along 
the I'idge, with pirkets stationed in fi'oiit . and withdrew the rest 
of the connnand (o I he hiol of I he hill where we bivouacked for 
I he night , the men lying dow n wit h t heir guns a I their sides, loaded 
•and with bayonets lixeil. Soon aflei' dark skirmish lii-ing com- 
meiired up on the ridge which inci'ease(l till about half past ten, 
when our skirmishers began lo ronie down from the riili;c followed 
by \()lle\ s hred down w here we were camped . w liich sliowc(l ck'aliy 
thai I he eneni\' in force hail gained possession of the ridge. 

I at once ordd'ed the men lo fall in, and taking three I'egiments 
on the left of my line with an aggregate strengt h of about L'L'OO, 
which (•o\-ere(l the fi'iint of the enemy, we prepareil to charge. 1 
look 1 he center of t his line wil h l>ieu1enant-( 'olonel Wiley in charge 
of (he i-ighl and Capl.ain ISoatman on the left , with sliid oi'ders to 
,'i\did allowing the line lo gel broken and lo guide on I he ceiiler. 
We si arled up the hill and w lien close to the enemy 's line ga\'e 1 hem 
a \dlley , immediately followed by ;i ba\'onet charge, our men going 
aflei- them pell mell. The en<an\' bi'oke and were pursued for 
nearly half a mile, when we broui;hl ihe men back lo llie ridge, 
where we remained undist ui-bei| until inoi'ning, when some of our 
men, in looking o\"er the gi'ound where the charge was made, 
ri'porlecl lindiiig the bmlies of 1 hirty-se\'eii men showing bayonet 
wiiunils. Hy not lirilig as we ;id\,aiiced, the enemy had liol dis- 
i'o\crei| our ap|iroach until we were close to them and then the 
\ iille\ we hi-ei| tlij-ew I hem iiilo such confusion I hat lhe\' were not 
pi-e|iared lo resist Ihe furious atlai'k. (leneral Sniilli had come 
lo us when we were pi'eparing lo cli.arge and expressed misgi\ings 
of I he inoNeinenl . detaning il loo h,a /anions, but linall\' consented 
and was much pleased al ihe I'esull. 

This was .said lo li.axc been ihe oiil\ effeclne ba>oiiet charge 
made in llie niulit during llie W.ar. We .afterwards learned llial 



r'oiTfst lunl l-ccci\(M| i-cciiriiiTciiicnI,< l.\- :i IVcsh lirii:,'i(lc iIkiI flrii- 
ci-al Dick '['■A\\nv Ir.ul sciil ii|i i.\ v:n\ t'n.lii M.il.ilc, wliirh iikIiktiI 
him 1(1 iiuikc till' iii,<;lil :itl;ick. 

'riic iic\t iiioi'iiiiii; , im i'ii('iii\- .-iiipcuriii;; mi "Ur rnuil.aml mir 
siiiiplics 111' I'at i<in> , lui'aL;!- ami atimiuiiil k m I ircuiiiiii;;' i'\liaU>t(Ml , 
I lie wlmlc army iaiiiiiiiciicc(| |)]-c|iai'iii,u In ret urn Id Mi^inpliis. W'c 
liail a niioil maii\- Wdninlcil , wliuiii \vr w iM'c a I ilc i i ) ma ki' qui I c n iiii- 
lurtal)li' li\' |>ultiii,L; a lilici-al ln'il ol' i-dtldli , ului'li we tnund at .-ului' 
a'ljaccul jiii linusc- , (HI llic l](itt(iiu> (il' iiuriunplv army waLidUs. 
Xcarly lliivc ilidU-^aud .-laii(N dl' >mall arm,- llial had liciai Icl'r dii 
I he licld 1)\" 1 lie cnciiiN' w en' I H'dU'^ht iu . aial 1 n'iiiii 1 hrou ii ilia lii.u 
|iilc i/car llic cculiT 111' till' cauip '_;|-iiuu(|. <l('iici-al Siiiilh (ir'h'|-i-(| 
ihcni scl on lii-c and (h'^l r(i\-c(L A> ^don a> \\iv life lici;au id iiialsc 
licad\\a\'. \\i' (ki-cdMTcil llial many nt' llicin \\"c|-c liiad<'(L 'l'lic\- 
cum men ceil -.liddtiiiL; in i'\'ci'\' i hi'ccl i( m . caU-iui; a i;)'cat .-cat Icianu 
(>r all I lidsc in I hat \icinil y , and crcat ini; ninrc cdU^l cniat imi ami nn; 
dUi- Idi-cc- than they had llic da\- licioi-c in the liauds of tlio-c wh.i 
had liurnc them in line nf liatllc 

In ihc nidi-nim: di tlii- (la\-, I he ca\"ah-y had udiie lo dcslniy 
the Mdliile and ( )|ini liailroad ik.hIi df I he Idii- tiv-tle acrd>> the 
()|(|l()\vn Ci-eek lidltiiin. and IdWai'd- nudU llie fe.-l iil' the com- 
mand md\ I'll dUI aci-d-s a hmu i'()r( hn'd\' iMad oi' caii-ew a\' . ciM.-.-inii 
I he iiliaLiluire or -w ani)i 111 I he cl'eek IkiI I iim Willi MdoreV I )i\i-iiin 
111 iVdUl . IdlldWeil li\" (leiietal .hie Mower'- l)i\isidii and m\' com- 
mand in the rear, nuardini;' I he wauoii I rain. 

I took I he pi'ecaiil ion ol' -eiidiiu: I he waii'in I rain and ni\" arl il- 
lery acl'os- the causewaw keepiii;: liack a rear '^iiard nl' ihree 
i-et:imeut- ol' 1 he aL:i;reiiale -Ireimlli of d\-er I wo thdiisaiid. .Iu>l 
a,- the waiidir- and aHillery were well on the causewaV" and had il 
complelelx" li|ocke(| up. 'he enemy -ilihleuly appeare(| m -Ij-oiil; 
force and opeiieil tii'e on U-. -dou I'drminu a -emi-iarcle around ii- 
and pemiinu ii- up aiiain-l the -wamp-. I lia-til\- l'orme(l line and 
returiieil the enem\ ',- lii'e a- l>esl 1 could and -en I oHicers aldn^■ t lie 
cau-ewa\- to liuri'V the w aiidli- o\'er and iiriUL; Kack I he resi of my 
cdiimiand. 

(leiieral Smilli -ndii came Id me unaccdiiipamed li\" aii\" ol' hi- 
-tal't'. He had either udlleii pa,-t the wamui- on liie cau-ewax' or 
had -laxcil hack loseeall aero,-,-, lie wa- a \i'r\- profane man and 

a- - a- he came up. he -aid: •' l!\- < ;--d, 1 '.dill on . I he \ li.a\e -ol 

> oil I hi- nine." On m\ e\pre--iliL: a (li--enl ilu: opinion . he ;i>ked 
wh.al 1 cduld do. 1 rephiMl. --mNe ihem Ihe lia\(iliet ," lo which he 



assent cil . sa}'iiii;' if I «'nulil take I lie rii;lit (if the line, lie Wdulil take 
the left. 

As soon as I <;ave I lie con una nil to cease liriim . fi \ lia\-oiiels ami 
cliarKe lia\-onets, tlie men starleil as liai'il as t lie\- could n'o. ( ieiieral 
Sniilli conimence.l slioiitiiiL': I" them: "Steady, steady men, 
stead}!" lUlt the nio|-e lu'shiiuteil steail\ . the harder thev went. 

The enemy iia\e way almost as soon as my mens tart ed In charjic. 
Aflei- 1 <i:ot them hack in line, the rest of m\' troops came oxci- the 
eailsew a\" followed li\' • Ieiieral Joe Mow ei's I )i\ision and I he eneni\' 
Mere dri\en entirely from the held. \\'e criis.--eil l he causewa\' 
and ,uiiin,!^ aliollt six miles up ( tldtowu creek camped for the nii;lit , 
and the next morning slarted on our march liack lo .Memphis 
which we reached without further incident of note. 

When (ieiieral Smith reliirneil from eoiiduel inn the left of my 
line on the haxiiiiet chariic, he said; " Ijoui on , I hose are I he 

(I dest men of MUirs I e\er saw, the more I ordered I hem to 

.lio .-teady, the more they went like h -11." 

liolli my men and the enemy realized that iii\ coloreil soldiers, 
with their superior mti.^cle. were more than a maleh for their 
while opponents with the liaMinel, and no race horse was e\er 
more eai;cr for the siii;nal to ijo , than in\- colored troops were for 
the order to char-^e lia\onet. The ('olih'(leraf e> were much in- 
censed at our armiiiii the iieij;roes, and imarialily concentrated 
their efforts in tryiiii; to destroy what t liey were pleased to term 
"I'Soulon's .\it;-iiers." Man\' of iii\- men hore scars on their hacks 
inllieled li\- tlie sla\c drixcr's lash in the hands of their present 
opponents, and were alw.nys anxious for an opportunity to pa\' 
off old scores. 

This h'eliiiii hecanie more inteiisilied after the massacre of 
coloreil troops at I'ort I'illow.a portion of whom lieloiiucd to my 
command. ,\ sect i mi of Laiiil loiirn's hattery , some I hirly men that 
I had -^eiil up there a few da\s liefore I he massacre, were all killed — 
I here was not one left lo lell I he lale. The h'orl Pillow m.-issacre 
miulil ha\-e lieeii ax'erled had (ieiieral Washlmrn lieeii less timid. 
The lirst ila\of the lii^hl , I he si ea ml mal Cili; nj Mhni came down the 
ri\cr arri\ iiui at .Memphis lale in I he aflernoon and I'epoiied fuihtinii 
at fori Pillow when .-he passed. I I ried \-er\- hard to net (leneral 
W'.ashliurn lo allow me to lake my command on hoals .and pro- 
I'ced al once lo I'orl Pillow , lull he would iiol conseiil , fearinu thai 
.Memphis iiuLiht lie altackeil in our aliseiice. Had (ieiieral Wash- 



hlini (•(iiiM'iiti'.l, I could lin\c l,ci-ii ill I'ui-I I'lllow l.rlniv (la\-|i,i:lit 
(he llcM lllnniiiiu- \Mlli :i."in() ;(-■ i^iKiil liL;|ilcr^ ;is I'\C|- II i:i I'l-licd In 
ihc lic;il (if ;i il|-l{|ii. 

Al'tcr Fdl'l i'illuw , my i-(HiiIii:iIi!| \i|-tu;ill\ tullLllit llinliT I lie 
l.l.-ifk Ihi,^. \\r .-udii Iniiiid tl],-il ;ill iiiir men lli.-it were cniitiirnl 
:iim1 :i1I WiHiihIciI ih.'il we had lo lr:i\i- w iTc |iri iiii|it 1\' killed , and 
I'i'iiiii tlial nil my (illircr^ and mrii iH'\i'r rr|iiirlcd calinirini; ali\' 
|irisiiiuT>, and im inirslions were askrd. 

W 111 a I 1 rc|i,.rlcd wilh mv r,,mmaiid lo ( IrniTal A. .1. Sum li . lii' 
had ju>l rrlui-ni'd rri.in lied ItiviT with Ihc Kith ('(ir|i>,and his 
were 1 he (inly 1 n hi] is wIki had Moii aii\- ImiIkh-s (Ui thai c\ |ic( hi kiii . 
and they were free In lei il he kiinwii ihal llicv did iml Imld 
(■(ihired ll•(l(l|l^ in liiiili esteem. ( )ii the (il>t day's inarch, 1 was in 
the rear and his Irodps Wi-vc -ealtered well (A'er the cdtinlry and 
after ;\ hmi; . lint , (ltl,-t\- march, they went iiiln cainn ,aliniil the 
middle dl' the a ft eriKx in. Seme Iwd hdurs Later, ni\ cdiiimand 
marcheil past their cam|is to t.ake il- place on the riulil fur the iie\l 
day, with ranks chiseil up e\-erv man in his pkace, with .arms at 
riiiiit shdillder -hifl .and hands playiiiL;'. (haieral Siiiilh .and all 
his (illicei> and men were ahiiiL; the rdad w.atchini; Us, .aii'l as some 
df ni\' dllicers passed ( ieiieral Siiiil h . he said : "I'lN ( i d, llmse are 
sdldiers." My ihe time we Lidl hack to .Memphis. m\- men had 
liecdine ;;real fa\(>riles with (leneral .Smith's cdminalid. 

When ' leiieral Smith \\a.- dr(l(a-e(l to juin < Icneral ('anli\' in 
capl ure Mdliile, he aske(| fdr my cdinmand to ,a(a'ompany him , kill 
• iiaicral \\'asliliiirn would iml consent, so he applie(| lo (ieiier.al 
Thomas , coll I ma ml in i; the I )epail iiKait , 1 ait he would not i;o (aiii- 
trar\- lo W'ashliurn's wi-^hes , ,aiid liiiall\- <leneral .Smith ,a ppc.alei I 
to 1 he .Secretary of \\'ar. and the mailer wa- (aiinpromised liy his 
ucl liiiu two of iii\- re<;imeiils, ihe Cilst , Colonel Keiidnck, ;ind (IM h , 
Colonel .loiies. 

The colored I r(io|i,- Were jilsl wli.at t heir ollicers m.ade I h(aii. M\ 

ollicer- were ino>tly selected Iroiii I he >ul)ordinale aiKl i -laiin- 

niis>ione(l ollicer- of .Sh(a-inan'- old Mixisimi, men who had dis- 
lim^liished I li( inseh'es in 1 w o ye:i r ( if acl i \c ser\ice, and 1 ihink" 
1 had in in\- (aiinniaiid .alioiil .a hundreil and lifl\ a- i;ood and 
elli(a(ail ollic(a> a,- e\(a' >er\C(l in ,an\- ;iriii\- in ihe world. 

The liallle f.,m.ihl .liil\> Mlh was dcMiili.aled l.\ (ieiKM'.al Smilh 
Ihe I'.allle of 1 1 a rrisoi il ji I'-uh , lull is ucnerally rehaavd lo .a- ihc 
liallle (if Tupelo, which seems ihe nioi'e .approi iriate dc-iu na I i( ui. 



Expedition Down the Mississippi 
After Guerillas. 



r^rHlX(; the ciiii)- |iai-l of Aajiusl , ISO'J, soon after (leiieral 
*-^ Sliei'iiian ai'i'i\eil in Meln|llli^, in ('(iiiiiiiaml (if his own and 
( leneral Hurlhvit's Dixisiim nf tlie \\-\\\\ nf tlie Tennessee, and 
assumed cdniniand of the eitw a ilelet^atioii of hidies caUed on 
him and rejiresented that tlieiv ftiiiiilies residing!: ahmu I lie 
i\li.s.sissip])i Ri^•e^ helow .Memphis, were in distress from the want 
of grof-erips , pro\isions, meiheal and otlier sii])phes, and askinii 
the ])rivile,iie of jirocnrinjj, a steamlioat to take them to theii- 
liomes. with the much needed siihsistence. etc. 

Tlie perniission heinu lii'antecl umh'r conihtion tliat nothing 
rout ral land of war sholihl lie taken , a snitalile lioat was chartered, 
which, while proceeding!, down the ri\cr with the supplies and pas- 
seiifiers, under a w hite ll.-ti;, was lired into, w hen some t weh'e miles 
lielow .Meinjihis, liy one of I he maii\' hands of mierillas iiifesliiiL;; 

1 he \-icinit\- of the ri^•er, oi f I he pilots liein<i; killed and se\-eral 

of the passengers wounds'd. The lio.at was compelled to retiu-n to 
Memphis, (leneral Sherman was \-ery anurv indeed, and at once 
ordei-e(| an expedition, consisfiiiu of the 4()th Ohio Tnfantr\ and 
liouton's Battery, on hoard the slivainlioat ra/,//,,,/,/,, . to proceed 
down the river and lucak up an\ hands of iiuerillas that miiiht lie 
found. TIh" 4(itli ( )lno Infanlr\ was conimanile(l hy hieutenaiit- 
Colniiel ('liarle\- Walcot , who wa> afterwards promoted to I'lrijia- 
dier-General. 

With tlie ,ii-un< of the liatter\ ;ii'i-alijied on the liow of the lioal , 
and iirotecteil h)' hales of ha\ and sacks of ui'ain, uc pi-(ice(-dcd 
down the ri\er to Scanlan's Landing, which was reported to lie 
llie rendez\(Uis of (|nile a hand ol' i;iiei'illas , the ri\('i' lieiii^ ,-it a 
low sl;me and the le\-ees ,alon,ii the I'ix'er ;it lli.al point \cry lii.i!,ii. 
so Ihal nolhinii hack of He lc\cc couhl he seen fi'oin I he decks of 
Ihc lio,-i(. .\s the lio.al romided lo and a 1 1| >i'o;ic|ie(l the landmu-, 



all were in reailiness. aiitici]iatiiiu an attack. A luni; stauint; lieiiiu: 
run out . an oHirer went aslmiM^ anil ri-repiim i-aiii imi-ly up t lie hank 
and lodkint;- nver the cre.-t n( the lf\-ee. tdund imt a lixinu thinu in 
slight , exrept a nnfiuinu.-- caplaiii of I he 4f)t h ( )hio a jiprijai-hiiii; the 
boat, nioiuiteil on a niauiiiticenl che.^tiuit (Mihucil mule. W'lifre 
he eaiiie from was a m\"stei\". u.nlil it wa.- a>eertaine(l that when 
the lioat rounileil in. the -tern -wuiiLi in aLiaiiist the liank and he 
had jimii)ed a-hore umiotircl. 

The e\j}eiliti(iii landeil and mai'i-hcd acid<- a lielid of the ri\cr 
to a lai'Lie tine plantation . knowii as the Widow .\rinsl ronu I'laiita- 
lion, where we surprised a hand of son.e L*")U guerillas, of whom 
we -uci-ccded in killinu. wiumdiim and rapturinu some ihiiiy. 
the rest e~ca])ini; in the woods and ,-wamp. In rompliaiire with 
( leiieral Sherman's posii i\-e nrders. we were compelleil to liurn and 
destro\- this fine plare. ()urlioai lia\inu roiiie arotuid the lieiid of 
the river, at the request of .Mrs. Arnr-trom; . she and her furniture 
and effeets wei'e tralisportec! arross the rixcr to a neii.diliorin,<; 
plantation on the ^Mississippi side (if the ri\"er. 

Six Kales of cotton found in the i;iii house were iml on ihe iioat 
to lie taken to Meinphis. I'roui the Armstroiii; I'laiilation we 
made a iiiuhl'- march across country throufih woods .and swani|is 
to another point that was reported to lie frec(uenti'd liy "iuerillas. 
The nisiht was \-ery darlc, and in places we passed hetweeii cypres.^ 
frees in the swamp with the uiiiis of thi' liatterv where we hail 
difficulty in pa.ssim; on retu'iiini!: hy da\-|i;ilit. .\l one point in 
the midst of the ih-nse forest, there was a <mall clearini; which 
we came to at aliout '.':Ml) I'. M.. in the center of which was i|uite 
a larv.c Iniildinu conslructed of hewed lous, lii;hted ii|f and full of 
people, whom we <-ould hear talkiiiu. .\ lai'ue numiicr of horses 
heiiiii' hitched around ihe plac-e, we fell sure we had a liaiid of 
.Siuerillas trajijied. The troops surround<'d the place. and I iirotmlit 
the .uims <if the liatteiw' to hear, doulile -hotled with percussidii 
shells at \'ery short raimc lint thoimh iirued loddxi. I refii-ed in 
open fire until it wa,-- ascei-tained who wa> in the hoti^e. 

■J'he liilildini; wa.- set (|uite high from I he i;roUlid . on accnunl of 
t he lialiilit}- of oxertlow. Iiut with as.vf-lance. an ollicer wa- eiialiled 
to climl) up noiselessly to one of the wiiidnws, when he ascertained 
that it wa> a reliiiioii- meetilii:. W'e willnlrew as caUtiou-l\- ,as 
we had appioaced the place, and I pii'sunie no due in the assem- 
lila.sie is aware to thi- day of ihe peril the\' were in. 

W'e encountered nothing lint small -coutitiL; part ies of the eneiii}' 



oil this nijiht inarcli and tlit- return tri]i. so we made our \va\- u]) 
to near Ho]wfield, where our boat was awaitiiiif us. and arri\ed 
home in Memphis a little after niidnisht of the thrid da\'. 

The six bales of cotton lirotitjht from I he Armsti-om; I'lantation 
were left under <;uard on the boat, but duriiii; the iiiiiht the same 
captain of tiie 46th Ohio, who hail ac(|uired the mule at Scaiilan's 
Landing, succeeded in stealing tlieiii from under the \ery eyes 
of the u-uard. for which he was tried by countrmartial and dis- 
missed from the scrx-ice. Me was uiidoubtedl\' the most exjiert 
thief in the Army of tlie Tennessee, with tli(> oiie possible exception 
of ;i man in llouton's l>al tery , w ho was credited with lireaking the 
pro\-erbial record of .■ictuall\- stealimi a hoi stox'e , by stealing a ]iair 
of woolen mittens to carr\- off I he hot sloxe with, Wlu'ii Sliel'- 
maii's old l)i\ision mo\'eil out of .Memphis in Xoxcmber, 1N()2, 
(leiieral .1. ^^ . l>en\-er, who then commanded it, had a do/.eii 
l)ollles of choice wine secm-ely packed in a box uiidci- tlie seat of 
his anibiilaiii'e, lie had tiol L'liiie three miles befoic 1 lie ISaltery 
bo\' had ac(iuire(| eight of those bottles. 



Bouton's Battery. 



AT an artillery I'cxiew in St. Jjiniis in Feliruary, INfi'i.Cicu 
Hallcck statt'il that he i-uii-iilcrcl Pxiuldii's i'.allcr\- 



'ucral 
the 

tiucsi lialiery he had v\cr seen in an\' -crxji-c cithci- in lMn'ii|)c m- 
America. .\t a re\ie\v (if irdnp- at ('(ille^c Hill. .Mis-., in 
Ueeenilier. 1S(_)_'. (leneral Sliorinaii stateil that, at the coin- 
meiieenicnt nf the war, he hail I'elt ui'eat ciiiicern regariliiiii what 
we .shiiulil iln fur field artillery, as it iiaii ahva\s heeii I'onsideiXMJ 
in tiie (lid i'emil:ii' :iriny that t liree yeai's of ser\'ice was necessar}' 
to make undl and eliii-ient .art iller\ineii . and in lMir(i]>e fi\e to 
seven years, Imi that l-Smton's JJattei'v, thoUiih hardly yet a year 
in tlie ser\'ice, he coiisidered eiinal iti ellifiency to any liattery in 
any ser\ice. 

Althouiih 15out(in's ]^)attery was oruaiii/.ed in Chicaiio, it had 
men from sc\-(M'al of the Xort h western States, (juite a nuinlier fi'om 
(.)hio and from the saw mills and Inmlier regions of Wisconsin, 
and it is likely that a finer hu lyof men from an athletic and physi- 
cal |)oint of view were never embrace 1 in an or,i;ani/.at ion of tiie 
same m.imlier. 

Captain Edward Bout on recruited this hattery largely at his own 
e.xpeuse.so that when they were mustered into the I'lnted States 
service, it had cost the State of Illiiidis but S13,5.'5 per man. at a 
time when it was costiii.ti the state an a\'eraf.>'e of Sf].')4.1l(l per capita 
to put soldiers in the field. The battery consistiiiii of a total 
aggregate of 1")4 men. proceeded to St. Louis in .lamiar\ , 1N(J2, 
wliere it procured six tine new .lames villes, calibei- .'!.S(I, throwing 
projectiles weighing 14 ])ouuds. 

At this time the (jovernment was piu'chasini; fiom .illll to fJiJO 
horses per day. at St. Louis, and was set ting splendid animals from 
Missouri, Kansas. Iowa, lllinoi- and linliana. Pxiuton obtained 
permission from ('ajitain I'aisons ( I'urcliasinu (Quartermaster) 
to take his pick from these horses as they were ins|iected and 
accepted, and he selected from three to ten a day, until he had pro- 
8,s 



cun'il r_'S aiiiiiials. I'dur l^uiis and tlicii- caissuiis, n'(|uiriiii;' eif^lit 
teams n\ six horses earli , were supplieil with hriiilit lia\s, ami the 
iviiiaiiiini:: twn siuiis and I licil' raissmis with jet Mack hol'ses. These 
learns were pei't'eetly niatrheil and any pair nT them wonld lie 
hkel\- to atti'act alteiiticm if dri\eii ihrcm^h any eiiy attached in 
a carriaii'c. Tlie hattery \va,i;(in, tur^e. aml>iilaiice and 1 miiuaiiP 
wagons wore furnished with CMiiiaUv Hue animals. 

l''i-(im the first (iiuani/.at ion cil' tlie liattery. the ollict-rs luider 
Captain I'xiuliin's directiiin, a|ii)lie(l themselves diliiiently todrillinii 
the men, so that when the battery was brought into active service 
in the field, the men had acquired a great degree of perfection in 
di-ill and discipline and were well prepared to attain the high 
reputatiiui fur etficiencx' fur which they became noted. Jn over 
fdur years service, this battery never failed to win favorable men- 
tiim on many a hard fought field, particularly distinguishing itself 
at Shiloh, Nashville and Franklin. 

At the Battle of Nashville, Bouton's Battery was attached to 
Hatche's Dixision of ca\alry. which constituted the extreme 
right of the Cnion forces. In the night some six hundred men 
hoisted one of the guns iiji the almost perpendicular face of a high 
hill well in the rear of tlie left of the Rebel army, and at daylight 
fired the signal shot for the commencement of the attack oir the 
Rel)el position. 

This battery particijjated in seventeen great battles and forty- 
six important skirmishes that were officially reported and probably 
a Inmdreil minor skirmishes that were never rei-iortcd. 

They were with tlie extreme aihaiice in the ])ursuit of Hood's 
army, after .\asli\ille. and in that piU'suit went into action on an 
a\"erage of six times a da\' for ten da\s. .\niong them was a verv 
liaid fiyhl at l)uck l!i\'<'r. lasting several hours. 

Tliere was a flood rise of 14 feet in this river and Hood had to 
abandon nearly all his wagons and artillery . and sup])osed he was 
clear of tlie Cnion batteries as well, but Bouton's liattery took 
t lieii- ammunition chestsacross the I'iver on rafts hastily eotrstruct- 
ed. principall\' from the beds of abandoned Rebel army wagons, 
swam their hoise- across. an<l spHcinu theit prohjiigs dragged the 
guns through 14 to IN feet of w.ater. and in two hours were pound- 
ing awa>' at Hood's forces again. 

This battery not only never lost a gun, but with the exception 
of Shiloh and perhaps two other instances where the entire line 
fell back, they never receded from a jKisition the}' had taken. 

86 



Tlieir jiuiis were csjiccially a<l;i|it('il tii llirnwinj; canister: each 
charije of caiiislcr \vei'j:he 1 14 pouiuU, contaiMe.l 2-10 projectiles, 
and when hard pressed the>' wovild doiihic shot and for a short 
time could fire six rounds per niimUe. orl'SSd missiles from eiicli 
g'un, 17,2S() from the entire six fiims per minute, which no force 
could withstand. Bouton's Battery was noted throujihout the 
army for rapidity of fire and accuracy of aim. (ieneral Hatche 
used to say that I'xiuton's Battery could shoot ])rairi(> chickens on 
the wino;. 

On one occasion durinfr tlie Nashville campaign in a hard Hirht 
between Xashville and Duck River. Bouton's Battery not only 
silenced a Rebel battery, but drove the men entirely- a\va\' from it 
and went with their own limbers and took the guns and carried 
them off. two of the guns proving to be. lames liHes that had ix-en 
cajitured from Waterhouse's Battery at Shiloli. So far as known 
this was the only instance of one battery capturing another 
battery and actually- carrying o.'f its guns during the Why. 

A high testimonial to the character of the men comprising 
Bouton's liattery is the fact that fifty-three of the enliste<l men 
were i)romote<l to be commissioned officers diiriim' their terms of 
enlistment. 

JAMES DODWELL, 
Formerly a Veteran Member Bouton's Battery. 

Eldorado, Kansas, Nov. 28, 1903. 



The Ambusher's Ambushed. 



O 



kX the ninlit of July 9. 1^04, Cleneral A. J. Siiiitli's cdinmand, 
(iiisisfiiit!; Ill' Mddi-c's, Miiwcv's ami l-Siniton's i)i\-isii)ns of 
lnfaii(i-v. some I'J.Sdd stidiii; willi ( iricrson's ('a\ali-y 4,()()(t 
sti'dii^, on their way ti> Tupcln. went iiitu caiui) in a \'all('y ahciul 
five miles north of Ripley, Miss. 

Quite a force of the enemy, consist in.i;- of cavalry and mounted 
iiifantr\- lieli)n<;in'.; t(i Cicneral i'orest's c(innnaud, was known to 
he in the vicinity of Rijtley. 

ilefore dark ( liierson sent out scoutiiii;: parties in e\-ery direction, 
and a little after midnight one of those detachments came in, 
anil reported thai a lirinade of lioliels had marched out of Iii])ley 
ver\- i|uietl\' and taken a p.isifiiin in tlii' liiaish on the upper side 
of the road lietwecn our ramp and liipley. The road ran alonj;- 
the westerh- slope of a, riduc foi' some three miles, the riil.i;'e and 
wcslern slope liein;; co\-erei| with srattering pine frees and a thick 
lirowth of oak imderhrush. 

Tne enemy had laken a position a lew rods l)a,ck fi'om the road 
on I he iipiier side and pei'fecti)- conrealed by the thick underlirusli , 
theii- line extending almut two miles. 

.\lioul three o'rliick in I he morning. ( ieneral (Iriei'son lia\'in,i; 
found a darkey who knew the ground I lioroui;hly and who acted 
as a ,uuide, sen! a hrii^ade of dismounted ca.\-alry armed with 
Spencei- rarhines out on the easterly side of the rid,iie. near its siun- 
niil so that they occupied a position covering- the entire rear of 
the amlmshinii: ConhMlerales. 

As soon as dayli.nht appeared, tieneral .loe Mower seid out a 
hriiiade ol infant r\- in li^ht oriler on the llipley road and when 
the\' h.ad aihanced so as to i-i\-er iiuile a large portion of the am- 
liushed frontage at a signal tlie\' faced to the left and opened tire 
into the oak lirusli wher(> the Rebels were concealed, and as soon 



as llicy ii|i('II(mI lire. ( Iricrsiin's caNalrN iiii ii i-:iii lurw .'iiil hi llu' 
rresl. (if the l'iil,i;e and (•(iiiimciiciMl Cn-iiii;' dii llu- ( '(Hifcild'alrs fi-diii 
the rear wilh tlicir i-ai'luncs. 

Tlic ('(iiirciliTalcs wrrc su sur|irisc-il ami lliruwn inhi ^ucli cuii- 
fusidii llial llicy iiiily ivliii-iicd a sc;il Icriiiu liiv llial djil hut lilllc 
liai'iii. ()uit(' a liiliiilici' lit' t licin wci'c killed a in I w (iiiiidcd and near- 
ly three liunilred taken pfisdnefs. 

"Idiat was llie lii'sl instani'e where the re|iealini; carliine^ were 
used in that imrlion nF the western arniy, and sunie (if the Cuii- 
federate prisdners waiiteil td kiidu what kind of ,i;tins those were, 
that they cdiild load up all miihi and shddt them dtf all day. 



The War-Time Railroads. 



AFTKU till' surrender of the principal ("(int'ederate armies 
in the spring (if ISIi."), my ednunand having little to do, 
excepting to garrison the city of Memiihis, I was ordert'il in 
addition to my other duties to take charge of the oliice of I'ro\-osi 
Mar.shal-Cieneral of the District of A^'est Tennessee, the alfairs 
of which had become invohcd in a very chaotic condition. 

While engaged in tliis dut\'. one day in the month of Junt'. 
Sam Tate, a colonel in the Confederate army and pi-esident of 
the Memphis it Chai'leston Railroad, came into my ofiice on Court 
Street, in Menqihis. and stated that he desired to take the oath 
of allegiance and to make application for a pardon, so as to he 
restored to full citizenshi]). 'I'his husincss transacted, he stated 
that he desired very much to recover possession of his railway, 
which had been in tlie use and possession of the government 
military authorities since the s])ring of 1862, and he desired to 
know if 1 t hoiight anything could be accomplished in that direction. 
To his iiKjuiry, I reidied thai I was not aware of the subject's 
having been considered by the military authorities, liut as the war 
was virtually ended, and the go\-ernment had little further use for 
the roail. it seemed not inijirobable that t\w matter might be ar- 
ranged. He desired me to consider the matter, ami asked permission 
to call again the ne.xt day. 

On leaving the office that afternoon, 1 went and consulted IMa.].- 
(ien. .lohn K. Smith, commanding the District of West Tennessee, 
who at once Ijecame interested in the sub.ject of tm-ning the railroad 
over to its owners, and suggested that I clraw u]i a ]ilan for that 
|)urposc. I did so that night, and, submitting it to him the next 
morning, ln' approve<l of its terms and conditions without any 
changes. ( 'olonel Tate was jierfectly satisKed and willing to accept 
the terms 1 had jiroposed, and went away to prepare to go to 
Washington to procure his pardon and consummate the arrange- 
ments to get possession of his road. 
90 



In_|;ijl'<'\\ ila\~. liciwcvi'i-. hi' rctui-iicil :n\A sl.-ilcil ilmt liis friciiils. 
the prcsi.lciil- (if the Mi>sissi| >|)i Cciilnil Hallway, the Miiliile A: 
OliKi.tlic New ( )rl('aiis. .lacksdii .V (ircat Xurt liri'ii ami Memphis 
it T(!lllU'sscc WailidaiU all ilrslrc:! Id join ii> an cnnil In rccdxcr 
their railrciads alsn. Sn I he- airaiinciiu'iil was liiially uiailc to ciii- 
lirare alxiiit all I he i-ail\va\> in the Suurhwest in a unifnnn jilaii. 
After the arran,i;einenl was agreed upon with tlie 'lilfereiil railway 
olHcials and ( leiieral Smith had iii\cn it his appro\ al . 1 proeeeih'd 
lo .\a>h\ille. and <ieiieral Thomas, rominaiidiiiu: I he Meparlinent 
of Teimessee. appni\ed of tlie auicenHMit , aftei' wiiieh I weiil lo 
Xew (.)rleans lo procure the ap|iro\ al of ( leneral Canliy , iMmnnaiid- 
in,i; the Department of the ( Inlf. 

( leneral Caiiliy was at first much opixised to the plan an<l ad\o- 
cated conliscatiiin' the roads, and that the iioveriiment should 
retain ami permanently operate them. After callin,!; his a.ttentioii 
to the eontraiw polic\' of <iiir uox-ernment as eininciated liy ['resi- 
dent Lincoln at City roiiit , and as lieinij carrieil out i)\- (ieneral 
(jraiit and olller,■^ high in authorit\-, lu' ailmitteil that it wouhl he 
accordiuii to the policy of the irovermiient to turn tlu' roads (A-er 
to the owners, ami relui'taiitly approved of luy plan, lull still 
exi)ressiiig the o]>inioii that M was a mistaken piolicy. 

The urrangeiueut as a.gieeil to liy the ofiicers of the \-aiious ra.il- 
ways haviiio; now lieen a])pro\-ed 1)\ the two department commaii- 
ilers within whose jurisdiction the roads were located. Col. Sam 
Tate proceeded to Washiu.utoii to complete arran.gemeuts for the 
linal transfer with (ieneral (Irant. the Secretary of War and the 
(Quartermaster (leneral. (leneral (Jrant and the Secretary of War 
appro\-ed of the arrangement, and the details were soon settled 
liy the quarlermasler's department. 

The first ]iropositioii in the agri'ement wa- that ihe i'ailwa\' com- 
panies should reoi-gaiii/.e so as to present loyal lioards of directors 
to receive the roads from the government; that \\liere any o^■ert 
acts of liostility had been <'omniitted liy the iiidi\idual, he should 
.subscribe t'l tlie oath of allegiance to the government, and where 
necessary, apply for pardon. The second jii-oposition was that 
the railway companies slioulil never present any claims against 
the government for use or damage to the jiroi.ierty while in the use 
or possession of tlie military authi.irities. 

Then followetl arrangements for selling to the different roads 
rolling stock, rails, bridge timbers, etc.. of which the government 
had accumulated a large supply, and which the roads were in 
91 



iiunirdiatc ii('e<l dI'. Tliis was to lie paid for in twenty-lour monthly 
installniciits. Tiic roads wore to uive preference to uU go\-ornnient 
transportation at prices to be lived li\- tlie linartennastcr's Deiiarl- 
nienl , and cacli nionlli's earnings in I I'ansportation to he a|i|)lied 
to thai month's installment on payment for rolling stock and 
imiterial purchat^ed of the government, and payment of the balance, 
whichever way it might be. 

Col. Sam Tate found in President Johnson an old sclioohnate 
and companion of his youth, and did not hesitate to present a 
claim amoutitiiig to some $1,200,000 against the government for 
use and damage to the i\Iemphis & Charleston Raili'oad while 
in possession of the military authorities, and while dining together 
the PrSigident became so amiable that Colonel Tate was al)le to 
procure his signature to an order for the (luartermaster-general 
to pay a large sum on account of this claim, sai<l to have lieen 
approxim.ately $400,000. 

Some people were so unkind as to assert that Colonel Tate had 
divided this money with the President, but after President John- 
son's death, it was full\- flemonstrated that he had not received 
a dollar from Colonel Tate. In July, 1S68, learning that the 
sergeant-at-arms of the House of Representatives had sent inquiries 
regarding my whereabouts to Chicago and Memphis, and that Ben 
Butler desired my evidence in the impeachment trial of Andrew 
Johnson, in regard to the contract or agreement under which the 
railroads in the Southwest were turned over to the various com- 
panies, on the supposition that Andrew Johnson had ordered a 
large sum of money paid to Col. Sam Tate by the Quartermaster- 
General in direct \-iolation of the terms of the agreement which I 
had prepared. It was charged that President Johnson hail derived 
pecuniary lienelit from the payment, and none of the pa])ei-s 
relating to the transaction being found on hie in tlie Quarter- 
master-General's office, my evidence was desired to show the terms 
of the agreement. 

I went at once to consult with (General Grant at Washington 
in regard to the matter. He advised very positively against my 
])Utting myself in the way of being called as a witness. While 
not e\-incing great admiration for J'resident Johnson, (ieneral 
Grant exjiresseil an uncjualihed opinion that little harm coulil come 
in allowing the President to quietly serve out the balance of his 
term, and that very unfortunate results might follow his im- 
peachment: that it would be likely to make friends for him of many 
92 



wild wci-c iiDt s(i (lis|in>(M| ;it |ii-('sciit , ami wouM lend Id ci-i'alc 
ilixisidiis and I'artidiis nliidini Iu'|)ill ilicaiis ami llir su|)|)(irl('rs 
df Ihc I'liidii: ami wiiulil inalci-ially aid .lt>!lll,-^()ll in his aliil)it inlls 
pdlilical ^(iicliic df miitilii;- llic Xdi'thcrii I )('iiidc|-al.-- with the 
SdUllici-|i ('diil'cdci'ati's ill diu' i^rcat ildiiiiiiatiiiu |ian\-. willi him 
at Its lica.l. 

W hill' iidllniii; rduid lie I'arthi'i- IVdiii the iiiteiitidh df llmi Hiitlcr 
and other /caldns ad\-di'atcs dl' iin|icacliim'iit . he was a |i|ircliriisi \c 
ihal this inisiht l)c t hr fi'siilt. lie ftiM liiM'nidiv i'\| irc-^cd i he 
dpinidii that Amlri'W .Idhnsnii hail iidt I'cccix'cd a ihillai' iVdin Sam 
Taliv 

A I'll Hi; (Pii t hr su<iiicst i.iti df ( iiairral ( iraiil , 1 did iidt dITcf myself 
as a witness m the ease, and sodii aHef !efl fdr Califoniia. 



Military Permit Business. 



■"Pill'; Sini Fnninscn hinh/ Min nf Scplciiilicr '.). ISSII, 
■^ spcakiiiii of ( iciicral I'xnn mi , rnmi int'urinaliiiii jii\'eii hv 
all cillii'cr will) sci'\(m1 with liiiii duriim tlie war of t lir ninilidii , 
says: 

"Aside ii-oiii liis tiiiiil iiii; ((iialilii's, he lii'caiiic parliculaiiy uuted 
for the intciirity with wiiii-li lie discliarned llie duty of issuing 
iniliiary pcnnits tnwai'd the ii<isp of tiie war. After the Mississi]ipi 
Hi\'i>r was (ipeii t(i iia\i,iiatiiiii aii<l (■(nmnerce from Cairo to New 
()iieaiis, I'otton and ail mercliaiidise i-mild cmly ]iass throiiuli the 
line.-. iukU'I- sucli |iei-iiiils. issue(l mainly at, .Meiii|iliis. Tlie i>nifits 
ol' inoN'iiii;; cotton ami supplies were so ^I'eat , and speculators 
could offer -iich iiidllceiiienls to ohiain perinils. thai three ofticei-s 
of i-aiik had Ijceii nnahle lo withstand the teiii|itat ion and had 
left t III' --erN ice in disgrace, it heinu a-certailieil that the)' had lieeii 
liea\ily lirihed. President Lincoln, in a nuiiiieiU of irritation, 
>ent an order to put an honest ollieer in charge of the military 
permit business at Memphis, if one could lie found in the western 
army , and < ienerals i'homas and Washluu'ii selected Houtoii , who 
tilled iIr' position until all niilitar\' restrictions weie renio\ed from 
Commerce, and lioth Lincoln and Stanton complimenteil him on 
the strict fidelity with wliii-h he had dischar.iicd its responsilile 
and diiicate duties." 

()iie \ery serious icsult of war not likely to he taken into full 
coiisideral i<iii is its demorali/iiiii inllueiice on the people of any 
count r\' wherein it pre\ails. 

-Men are suliject lo leiiiplalions not encountered incixil life, 
anil are more likely to yield to such temptation when not sm- 
roundeil hy the restrainiu,u intluences of home and refineil society, 
while t hose in hi^h places and ol' t he purest inteiifit \- are frei|uently 
suhject to ihe most uiijusi and, cruel suspicions and accusations. 

iMiniii; Ihe Wai' of Ihe Kel lellioli . I'rcsident Lincoln's motives 
were seriously (piest ioiieil for ha\ inii ,ui\ en I )r. i'arkhama permit 
94 



to pass 10,1)0(1 hales n\' cnlliiii tliruu<;li llic niililarv lino at Miiii- 
phis, as a rcwai'il tni' \alualili' sc|-\ic(> rciiilcrcil the lioxcriiiiiciil . 

When (leneral (iraiit issued an (inler exclmlinn ccittdii Imyeis 
IVoni the lines, whu were liixinu: the enemy iiitdnnat imi nl' all 
inii\-einents nf the I'nion Inree,-. he was ai'cu-ed of (hiiiii; it tii e\- 
eluile iViini the held all l)U\-e|-s except eel-Tain lines wim were 
ilixidinu' pi'dfifs with him. 

Instance-- were kiiiiwii of al-m\' chapl.-iins lieiuu arrested f(jr 
pilla.uiiii; . w lid. at hiune were considered nioilel leacliei's of morality. 

If i-- prolialile that such opp( pi'l iinitie- lor ~pecul;ition . with such 
wide mal-iiins of prohl .-iiid '-iich -troin; t eiiiplal loii^ . were iie\-er 
elsewhere presented. ,-i'- at Memphis duriim IIh' war. The iiiari;iii 
of difference in the market \alue of man\' articles on the t w-o 
>ide-- of the picket line wa> fi-e(]Uenl 1\- more than ten huii<lred pcr 
ceill. Cotton could often lie piin-h.-ised outsiile tia rnioii line- 
for alioiit 14 celil,- per poiiml in ( 'oiifeih'i'ale money, and -"sl-l in 
SJ-JII 111 ('onfederate moiie>- could lie hoinilil for SI in Liri'diliacks 
in Meniphi-. Cotton sohl in .Memphis :it fi-oni4ll t o 7S cents in 
iireenliack-- durum t he wa r. I'ri\ate soldiers i m t he picket line were 
offered .'I- hi,i;h as SlllOO and o\e|- to allow .>iie man with what he 
could carry on Ins per-oii to c|-o>~ thi' line. 

\\\]f\\ I General Shi-rman'- command left I .a <ir,-iime and (Ir.-iud 
.lunclioii to ino\-e iiilo.Meniplii> in .liil\. iNtiJ.a I )i \ i-ioii I .Jii.-irt ei-- 
inasler dumped forty-eiuhl si\-iiiiile ai-|ii\- w.-iiioii load- cil' -imar 
aiid liac-oii on I he ground and ;i I landoiii-d it and loadeil the waudiis 
with cot toll, t \ iiil; I he coNer- do\i n >o a- to cdiice.-d t heir (-oiileiils. 
He Ijoiliihl the coiloii ;it 1 I cent- per pi.iind 111 Lireenl lack- . and -old 
il at 4S cents in uold in Meinphi-. 'J"he -n^ar and liacoii he could 
replace at II and IM cent- per pound. 

.\s -ooii a- I he I I lion force- occupieil .Memphis . cit i/.eii- . iiio-l 1\ 
ladies, commenced apphiiii; to t he comm;i iiihiii; ollicer- for per- 
niission to take pro\ i>ioiis and supplies out llii-ou;;h the lines for 
iheir laniilie-. repre-eiitiim their need- .-ind nece—ities in -ilcli 
leriii- .-1- to lie i rre-i-l il ile e\eii llioii;:h -oiiietiiiies .-1(11111111111; that 
their hilsliaiaN were in the IJeliel ann\. .\ -tronu inducemeiil 
to peniiil siipplie,- III p;iss thioU<.:li the line- was that the iie.uroes 
were the lir-t to -iilfer. and they were alnio-t uiii\-ersall\ frielidlN' 
III I he i-all-e ol' the rmoli. 

'I'lie-e .-ipplii-.-it ions lor peniiil- -ooii liec.-ime loo niimeroii- lor 
I he commandin.u <.:eiieral lo at lend lo in per-on , -o l hal .-in olliccr 
was detailed to .■illeiid lo lh:il dnl\. Manx ]ieople who re(|iiii-ed 



suppru's wci-e plaiitt'i's \vh<i desired to liriiii;' in cdltdii and sell it 
tn eiiahle them to make tlieii' purcliases. it soon became tlie policy 
of the !;()\'crnment to permit the marketinii of cotton on account 
of thi'eatened com])lications with l'>uropean nati<ins. especiall>' 
willi lui^land , whei-i. the demand for Americ'an cotton thi'eatenecl 
to induce intei'\'ention to enalile the pi'ocUR'inent of the nuich- 
needed staple, and later t\\f slii|iment of cotton i-anie to lie a 
material aid in supporting; the credit and hnances of the (lovern- 
ment. Cotton that hail foi'ineiiy lieen shipped at unit ports was 
dixerted to the northein i-oute, and, as the I'liion Wiw^^ were 
extended , and na\iuaMc sti'eanis opeiieil to conunerce, X\tv amount 
of liusiness done under militai'}' pernuts issue<l at -Memphis, came 
to assume immense proportions. 

The policy of the nnlitai'y authorities and of the < io\ernmeiit was 
to |iermit necessai'\' family and t'kinta.tion supplies to pass out 
thi'oujiii the lines without allowinti contraband ^oods oi' su])i)lies 
foi' the Confedei'ate forces to pass, and to allow pri\-ate cott<in to 
come in and be markete<l, and prohibit or seize "Confederate 
cotton," As Confederate cotton was scattered o\er the country 
in the hands of planters who were in sympatln- with tlie cause, it 
was hard to iliscriminate between Confederate and pri\'ate owner- 
ship. 

Speculatoi's and traders were altle to oH'er such inducements 
and Use such skill, that three officers of the rank of lieutenant- 
colonel and colonel were ascertained to lunc yielded to the ^reat 
temptations offered and to have acce|ite(l hu'se sums of money 
for ha^inl: issued military permits imjiroperly. It was ascertained 
that the I'arkham [X'rmit , ,i;ranted b}- the I'resident himself, had 
been transferred to third parties and so manipulated as to co\-er 
the shipment of some fifty or si.xty thousand bales of Confederate 
cotton. When this fact c-ame to t he knowleilue of President Lincoln 
he was so annoyeil that he telegrapheil to (leneral (irant at Cit>' 
I'oiiit, \'a., to put an honest ollicer in charue of issuiiii; military 
permits at ^lemphis, if one could be found in the westei'n arm\'. 

l'"arl}' in .Tanu;ir\-, ISIi."), 1 was becominu conx.alescent fi'om iiuite 
a se\-ere wound, when one da>' (leneral \\'ashburn came to my 
c|Uartei-s in the city of Memphis anilslioucd me a cop\' of the 
l'|-esident 's telei;i-ani to (General (Irant, also one fl'oui (iraid to 
Thomas at X;i'<h\'ille , dii-ectin,n him to execute the President's 
ordei', and a disp.atch f|-om ( ienei'al Thomas to him ( \\'ashbui-n ) 
to sele<'l and report the name of an ollicer lo lill the position. 
9b 



(l(.'licr;il \\:isIiImii-|| s\it^j;rslc(l my lakili;: llic |i1:i.t. Kj wliicli 1 
>tr(iii,i;l\- iiliji'c'lcil : liut he iiisi^lcil. ninl |-r|iiiiic(| my name tii 
( n'licral 'riiomas, wlm al mice tcl("ira|ili('il lii~ a |i|irn\al , ami tlir 
select inii was laid' a|i|>|-(i\-e(l li\ (leilefal 'll'aUI. 

Oil takiiii; ehar.^e (]|' iliis nllice. 1 fmiml it c'(]iiilurieil liy smile 
three or luiii- siiliurdinale (illirei-s. anil liel\\e(>ii lliirl\- ami I'lirtx' 
clerks, some itt' wlium were soliliers ilelaiieij tnr llial ilulw and 
Slime citi/.en^ wlm were i'm|ilu\i'il lur ihal |iur|«i^e. The lir^t 

three ilax's' in\-esl i<;at i li^eldsed facts which 1 ileemed Milhcji'iit 

111 ,iuslil'\- my seiidinu alimil one-hall' of I his foi-ee umler e-cort 
of a tile of -oldiers lo ihe liwiim Mililar\ I'ri-on. ( )n reiiiriiiim 
to m\ lieadiniarters. in a lunr-e near the main entrance to I'ort 
Pickering . t he niiiiil of my hrst day on duty, I lound alioiit 
two dra>-|oad> of |ii-e-ent-. coiisisi inii of hasket- of cliam|i;i^ne , 
ihoiisaiiiU of ciiiars, hue military lioots, Liamitlels. -.aliers, -|iurs 
and many oilier items. 'riie\- were .accoiiiiialiied li\- card- and 
com|iliinenls of \ariou- merchants , trader- and -|ieculators who 
were in till' haliit of |ii'ociiriiiu: iieianils. 1 al once oi-dered e\-er\ - 
ihini: ielii|-ned lo I he source from whence il came. 

The -econd ila\ 1 wa- on ihi- dul\" a man who h.ad lii'en a \er\' 
|io|)iilar ollirer in ihe seiwice, and who wa> qilile a fa\orile wilh 
(ieiieral- tiraiit .'nid Sherman, hut who had resigned his iio.-uinii 
in the arin\- and eiiiiaLieil e\tensi\-ely in dealim; in cuiinn and 
|i|.antal ion su|i|ilies, came inio m\ |iri\ate ollice. lie closed the 
dooj- after him, ,'iiid |iroceedi'd al once lo luisiness liy prodilcinii a 
liiilidle of iiaper-, ,-ind -lalilii; that he wi-hed to send a -leamlioal 
loaded with su|i|)lie> u|> Ihe ^',a/,oll l!i\-er, ,aiid lirilm oiil .a lo.-id of 
colioii , addiiiL' I lial he had iinnices and |)ermits all m.aile oiii readv 
fill- ira' to sii;n , and thai mv -iLinal lire was won h .'^1(1,1111(1 lo hiin , 
and ihal he had the nione\' readv I here hir me. 

.\fler ihis aniiouncemenl hi,- sla\' in ihe ollice wa- i|iiile hrief. 
lie olilained no |iei'niil-, hut i:;iined some kn: iw lei h_:e. 

Wdiiai (leiua-al (i|-anl wa- eleded rre-ideiil, he a|>|>oliiled ihis 
man lo an iiii|iorlaiil |iosilion in the inlern.-il re\'emie de|iarl meiil . 
and he wa> im|ihc:iled ill the w-|iisk\-niii; fraud- in the Wi'Sl . 
His name would he familiar I o man\' in ihe .\rin\' ol' t he Tiau lessee 
and in I he Missj-si|i|ii \'.alle\ , 

.\ few da\> after elileriiiii mi llii- diil\ , 1 fell jii-lilied in -llin- 
marilx" seiidini; two or ihree |ironiiiienl merchanls lo ihe mililar\' 
iiriM)ii for from three lo !i\e da\s each, when llie\ were released 
on l.olid-. Tlie\' fell mvallx .a--.;rie\fd al this Irealmenl. .and 



reported the niatter to the Secretary of War, who had an investi- 
gation made, and hroui^ht it to tlie attention of the President, 
who approved my course and indorsei.l an opinion in the papei's 
that he tlioua,ht tiie parties liail esi^aped \-ery hghtly — one of tlie 
charges being im])lication in a sclieme to smuggle through the hues 
a lot of revolvers and ammunition for ( 'onfederate use, the penalty 
of which offence Would lie death accdrdim.' to the articles of war. 

\'arious orders had lieen issucil liy (lenerals (d'ant. Sherman. 
Thomas, Hurlliul , W'aslihiii-n and otiiers, ret;'ulatinii the issuance 
of permits. l)Ut when I was assigned to tliat ilut>'. all orders and 
regulations were suspended, ami 1 w.-is ^ixcn full ])ower and dis- 
cretion o\-er the wliole husines.-. I proceeded to ^y-^temi/.e and 
icgldate it so as to allow one month's supplies to all niemliers of 
families, including colored sei-\'ants and foi'age foi' animals, liut 
no larjic quantities foi- ti'ading puiposes. except cai'udcs of steam- 
lioats passing up ami down the ri\'er. consiuneil to points within 
the I'nion lines, a lull I'ecord lieiui; kejit of evei'X' it(Mn allowed to 
pass out of the lino, and of e\er\' liale of cotton cominti in . with a 
histol'y of its soui'ce and deslinalion or disposition. 

1 soon found that (ieneral Ostei-house at Nickshuri^ and ( lenei-al 
Canliy at Xew Orleans, hail re^uhitiiins ilifferiiiu from those 1 h.-id 
ailopted and f|-om one another. 1 conferred with them and a uni- 
form systeui was ailopteil from ('air(j to .Xew Orleans, mostly 
centei-ed in my otlice at .Memphis. 1 )()ing the liusiness and keeping 
the I'econls ke]it sixty to se\'ent\- clel-ks \ery husy. and sometimes 
I had to attach my siiiuatiu'c as many as eiuht hiuiilred times in 
one day, the l(]t:d value of all cotton and merchandise covered 
hy one da\'s pei'mits fre(|uentl\ lieim; o\ci' a million dollars 

I had not heeii on dut\' more than a week when all oifei'iiiii of 
mone\ ni' hrilies (it an\' kind foi' mihtar\' peianits was enlii'ely 
lii'okcn up and was no more heard <if until all military I'esl I'ict ions 
wi'i'e enlii'eh I'emoxcd IVom cummei'ce. 

Ila\'inu l)een successful in (h^lectinji, seizing ,-ind lui'ninu o\-ei- 
to the H(i\'ernmeiil a lai'iie (|Uanlily of ( 'oid'edei'ate cntlon, Secre- 
tai'\' Slanlon comphmenteil me (|uile highly as hein^ one ol the 
few ;irni\- ohiceis who had lieen al>le lo handle ( 'onfedei-ale cotton 
w d lionl lieciinmii; coiit ammated. 



A SKETCH 



GENERAL EDWARD BOUTON 




Ancleni French Coal of Arms of 
the Boulon Family, now home 
by the Count Chamilly 



General Edward Bouton. 



ACCOItDIXC t(i :i IVioiirapliii-al ami ( u'liealiiiiical llistnry. 
puMlslic.l l,y .l..cl MuiiM'ir- Snli- nl' AlhallV. \. V., 
tlic Imiuiuii laniilx liaxc a traililimial ircdiil oi liistniN ilatinn 
hark tci the liflh cciil ui-\- . wlu'li lii>Iii|-\- lcll> u- llial i-lan^ 
or tril}i'>- 111' ( laiil- iiiliai)itc(l llic rciiiiilry ImrilcriiiL; nii 
the Hi^•('l■ liliolic ainl rvtciulinu Iroiu Lake (!iiic\a Id the 
.McilitclTaiieali Sea. liiiT I he lHiUtiiii> were iiku-c pai't iciilarly 
iilciuituMl with the N'i-^iiuth rhiii. aihl t hi' lii'ail i.t' I hi' Saliali 
trilii- iiiiiliT Iviiiu, Hilch-i-ia. A. I>. ISl. who at hi- death left 
his sun Chivis kiui; iif the li'iin-. l-'fntii this iirrinil . ihiriiiii: the 
feilill lit' Cliivis, wars nt riini|llrst WVW nt Irequeill nrcurrrlirt' ; 
the I'raiiks Irmii tlie iiurth niakiiii; allarks ii|iiiii the sunt hern 
• iaiils. Were surressi'iiUy fesisteil l>\- ('lii\i-. ami S\-|-a,i;riils , a 
Ituiiian ilsiir|>er was ilel'ealeil ami his |ieii|)le sill ijuiiateil hy 
Cliivis, wild tnaile liini>eU' iinpiilar with his snlijnuateil ^nlijerts 
liy fa\ iiriiiii t heir bislii)|), ami by marry inj; ( 'hit i hie dir llulihelila ) 
the niere (or. as some historians sa> . the ilan.iiht er ) ol' the kiil,a 
of Hin'uiniily. a Christian. ('lo\-is proini^eil his wife that if her 
(iiiil. whose aiil he invokeil lUirinu rhe Uatlle of Tollnar. ^hlllllll 
gi\"e hiin sUrress, lie woulil enilirare her relijiion. Tlii.- he suli.^e- 
Hueiuly tliil, and was hapti/.el into the Christian faith ; hi,- example 
was generally followed hy his people, aimnii;- whiuii were the an- 
cestors of the Bouton fanul\ . who wre leaders in Ins arin\ . 

The aneieut P>outon shield or roai of arms had the following; 
motto on a sfoiimlwork on perpendirular line-. "1)1' ( lules a hi 
h'asi-e d'Or." whieh is old I'leiirh. and its translation means a 
forre as of a leopard when it alla-k,- with it> re 1 mouth opiMi. 
This i-oat of arms is still Imriie li\- t he ( "oiml Chainillw at present 
residing in l{ome. 

The "Dietionaire des (leiieraiix I'ram-ais" stales that from K).")() 
the military and eoiirt reeonls aliouml with the P>oiitoii name for 
two renturies. 

103 



\icli(ihi> r.dUldii, Ihiiii .■iliDiil ).")Sn. Ihiic llic litlc (if Ciiuiil 
('li.-iiiiiUw r.nidii Mniil.-i.iiic .Ic Xnloii was the tatlu'r of llaranl 
ami .liiliii (iwiii,--) ami nf Ndcl lloulnii, wIki were Hviguenots ami 
i'<'I'ul;c('s (luriiiji I lie \i(ilciii |rcrsccuiiiiii ol the Protestants l>y the 
l{nniaii t 'at holies during t lii' iHciloini nance of I lie ( iuises in ]•' ranee. 
Al leniitli, tlie intoleranee of ihe Calliolies lieinti ovei', Xoel 
Piouton (listinunislied liiniself ami was niaile Mai'quis ile Cliainilly. 
ami was snlise(inentl\- made niarslud of all I'' ranee, and a life-sized 
|)<irti-ait of him was placed in I lie i;allel'\ of l''l'eneh Xohles at 
\'ei-sailles^ J*'ranee, where il is still lo lie seen. 

The iM'eneh liisto|-ian, s|i<'akin,<; of the iioutons, says that it is 
aecoi-ded to a milile aiieesi ry t hat a |iroeli\'it \' for patriotism , edn- 
ealion and reliiiion is seen in the race all down the ages. Some 
nieiiihers of this family setlleil pernianentl\' in England, where 
they hail taken refuge diu'imr the Huguenot persecutions, and 
soon became jirominent in the military and ci\-il service of the 
government, their nanies Ix-ing .Vnglicized liy adopting tlie "gh", 
spelling the name Houghton. 

It is clainieil that tlie iirsi ad\eiii of the Boutons into England 
was as officers in the army of William the t'onqueroi' in 1060. and 
that some time after other memliers of the family sought an asy- 
lum in I'lngland from the persecution of the Protestants in France; 
thai under tlie nanies of Pmuglilon, Rouse and Broughton, two 
memliers of tliis fannly were al the same time peers of Elngland 
and si\ others represented seats in the iMiglish Parliament. This 
statement seems authenticateil liy Burke's Peers of England. 

Rouse Houghton's aiicestoi-s were of \ery high antiquity in the 
counties of Surie\', W'oicester. W'ai'wick, (iloucester and Here- 
ford. Dr. Xash. in his hisiory ol' Worcester, mentions that its 
patriarchs of that shire accompanied the Conqueror to England, 
and the statement is coiitiinied liy the Hattle .Xlihey Roll. The 
name of Hioughtoii liecami' inei-L;ed into Rouse li\' Thomas I'liiliji 
Rouse Boughtiin. who assumed the name of Rouse and took U|i 
his residence at Rouse Leach. This gentleman, as Thomas Rouse, 
lOstp, ser\'ed as liigli sheriff of Worcester in 17o.'i. 

Charles William Houghton, klsii., (second son of Schuckliurgh 
Houghton, I'^sq.. of I'oston Couil . County Herefoi'd . and grand- 
son of Sir William Houghton, foin-lli liainnet of l.awford County 
Wai-wick ) assumed the surname of iiouse and i-epresenteil the 
lioi-otighs of iMei-sham and Hr.amlier as ( 'liarles Willian\ Houghton 
Rouse, Esi|. .Ml-. Hoimhloii i\oiise was chief secretary of the 



K(i;il(l dl' ('iilUi-iil . :lliil \\:i- ci-cnlcil n lianiiirl .luiic L'S , \7'J\ . Iilil 
<inn\ nl'lcr \\v inlii'i'ilcil ilir li.-iniiicla^c n\ his (.wii faniilw llic 

I'xiimlitiiiis. Sir I'Mwani I'miu^1iI(iii oI' KaiTlirslcr. ( 'diiiil \ War- 
wick, was (■l-calc(l a liaioiicl Auiiusi i. Kill. 'I'lic I 'x ,iiahl mis 
held lianiiirtcics ill l'ji;;l;iiii I lur (•h'\-|'li ircnci-a I iiii'S. 
■ It is asserted thai uf I he many Hiiutoiis a iid lldii^lil mis llirmiuh- 
ollt \ew Mii^laiid dliriiii; I he l\e\-(ihil imiary W'a r. t liei'e was not an 
alile-l"idied man \\lii) was nut ser\-iiiL; hi^ i-miiili'\-. and I he ree- 
iirds dl' the Wai- 1 leiJal-l ineiii show" that e\'ery iiiirlhe|-n Slate ami 
(i\-er hall' nf the sdtithefii Slates Were represented li\ I'.DUldiis in 
the rnidli arin\- diiriii.u- the War nl' the iJeliellidn. three df them 
altaininti: the rank nl' ilriiiadier-t len(>ral. It is tmdmilili'dly a his- 
tdi'ieal tact that tof sdiiie fdiirleiai ci'iiluries memliers of this 
I'atiiily ha\'(' prdX'ed I heiiiscK cs \-aliaiit ^dldier^ dii iiian\' nt the 
iinporlaiil hat t k'lields df the ci\ilized world , and ahva\s mi lln' 
side of loNalty. r('lijih)ns liheily titid better ,i;d\eriiment . 

SUPPLEMENT. 

T(i the history of the Hdiitdii ra.<-e, as ptihlished in the Horitdii 

( lidunlitdii ) !j,enealdiiy . copied frcim a tnantlscripl m.ade hy 

Judiic W'illiaiu S. Hoitton. of South Xmwalk. Cdiiii., frdin a 

French Histm-y in the Astor l.ilirary. Xe'.\ ^Hrk ('it.\. 

The Hdtitmis are df l'>tinuariaii e\t ractidii . and \-erv iniicli of the 

palridtic. moral and reliuioiis character exhihiled liy the family 

all thi'dtmh the centuries to the present was an inheritance tralis- 

lllitteil liy ;i iiolile aticestrx' which slimie with reneweil lustre in its 

deseendaiits w ho ser\cd in the War of t he Pveludlidii for the i^re^-er- 

vatidii fi:' Ihis l{e|iul lie. The pairidlism and ii 'iuidU- cliara-ter 

of the liiiii'.v will hecdini.' Hiore apjiareiit as we proceed to an e\- 

aniination of the history of its se\-eral liraiiclies fi-dni l.'-!.')(i. when 

iMlwar.l 111 of hai^laiid invaded I'rama^. to ISIm. tlie close of the 

l;(d)elhdn in the hnited States. 

ORIGIN OF THE NAME. 

In tiie twelfth century an ancestor ser\-itiii as a idiorister in 
the (diapel of the l)uke of Hurirtindy . foundeil his n.ame and fur- 
tune and that of his famil\' hy strikiiiij: down with his ollicial Initon 
an assassin who maile an attempt on the life of his master, whii'ii 
act raised him in the ducal ciiapel to the position of p.aue of honor 
to the l)uke <if I'.iiruiliidy , ami hisijallaiit achie\'enieiit was prop- 
erly commemorated li\ heraldic inscription <in a shield, which the 



family ]\i\\v ever since lionie. vi;.,: " 1 )e (lilies a la Kasee il'Or." 
with the suniaiiie Piatoti (which was al'tei'wanl rori'ilptpil into 

Hciutciii 1, Ix'stc.weil u] him li\^ llie (lulxC. The rhalliie of I'.atoii 

l(] Houldii, was, il was said, in allusion lu I he I ii'iiiht ness ol' I lie 
liultons with which as a pajic his coal was a'turneil. 

(NO'JMv — Accdviliiiii Id well authenticated records, there were of- 
tic(>rs by the name of liouton in William the t'ontiueror's army in 
1()()1), a century earlier than the incident related of the chorister 
in the Duke of Bur<;undy's chapel. ) 

Subsequently he acquired other laurels in the wars of the times, 
for which the Duke bestowed further favors upon him. To him 
was ii'iven the command of tlie fortress of D(jle, and the hand of 
a beautiful heiress with lari^e estates and baronial castles, which 
<ia\'e him raidc anionti; the foremost noliles of l'>U!'uund\-. It was 
at this point in its history that the family bei;an to emigrate to 
other climes and it will be more pi'acticable to follow theii' hislor\- 
in the localit)' or comitries where the\' settled. 

The l'"rench line is traced back ant hentii-ally as far as ll^.Vl to 
Jean Houton, Siitneui' de Savi,nny. Many of the I'xiuton name ap- 
j)eariLi the l^'icin'l; militarx' and coui'l recoivls of the fifteenth, six- 
teenth and later centuries. Xicliolus Houton bore the titles of 
(.'ouut de ChanLilly, Baron ,Montai;ue de Xaton. His son Xoel 
Boutou, born ItJotJ, a(Kance<l tlie honor of the house and was 
made Marquis of Chamilly, and in 170:'> the Marshal of all France. 
'See Dictionaire des (leiu'raux and Dictionaire de la X'ohlesse. ) 

THE ENGLISH BRANCH OF THE BOUTONS. 

\\ illiam Houton , accordinu to trailitiou and histor}', was ;i Hun- 
garian soldiei' of fortune, an.d served in the army of Edward 111 
of En.njand when he in\-aded France in l.'i56, and attained the 
title of Sir William Houivhton. He won the personal favor of 
I\inji Edward at the I^attle of I'ortiers, and e\'er after followed 
his fortunes, and at the close of the campaigns returnetl with him 
to En,<;land and was kni,uhted by his adopted soverei,gii. Sir 
William's estates were situated on the banks of the River A\-on, 
and the manor house w.as known as Lawford Hall and was built 
by Edward, son of Sir William, during the reign of Queen Eliza- 
beth. Ivlward HoUi^htoii was high sheriff of the county and 
member of the shire, and after his death his body was consigned to 
the familv \ault under the church at Newbold. 



THE IRISH BRANCH OF THE FAMILY. 

'I'lic li'i^li lir:iiicli (if (lie r:iiiul\- \v:i^ Idiiii.lcil 1,\ Wry.uA |l,i\\l(,ii, 
:i ilcsi'('nil:iiil nT llic IumI lici- ol' the iiKir(|Uis, wlio, m ihc rciuii uf 
l.dUis .\l\' ui Im;iiii'C, lu<.r In llic i;iiik of ''ivinici- Xalcllc ilc 
L'hambrc. ami ilicd ii|iuii iho scaltolil in ihc |,ri'-(iii nf Ihc l.iixriu- 
hourg in 17'.t-( fur his (iMpnsitioii tn priest and kinii,. He raid l'>ii\v- 
lori had a Iwin ln'ollicr naincil .lolin. Ilnlh were iMhiratcd in Ihc 
family of a jiricsi in Ireland, llerard I'liwnin, apon IliercVdia- 
tion i)f the edict uf Xanlcs. rctiirui'd to Ireland, still fdllinvin^ the 
fortunes of .Alarshal Tcliuinlior^c. undci- whom he ser\'cd in the 
L'rotcstant army undci' Wllhim 111. nskiii;; lilc a.nd foriime in lic- 
liair of civil and rcliiiious lilici-|\. Me pai1 iiaila ii\- ilistiii!;nislied 
hinist'lf as a I'carlcss and \alian( soldier at the I'.al tie of I he I'.nync. 
.Inly 1, Kl'.ll). llerard ISowton was rewarded li\ the kill": wilh a 
share of the I'onliscalivl lands Hliialcd in Ihc Count)' of I'.allyrack 
which had fallen to I he ('(in(|iieror. llerard and .loliii liowloii 
were twin lirothers and iHirii in I'r.ancc alioiil se\cnt\-rive \'cars 
helore the Battle of the Koyiic. I'rolialily after lliat eii<;ai;:cmcnt 
Herard rcliirncd lo I'raiicc, where he recei\-eil the income of his 
estates at Mall\rack. Ireland. 

(XOTK. -Tlie pres(-nl Lord Monla-ile iiowloii isa lineal descen- 
dant of Hcraril I'xiwton. I 

As Herard was horn into Ihc world lichirc .lohii, the titles and 
estates devohcd, under the feudal system, upon I he oldest male 
child. The younger, havinu rtM-ei\cd his porlioii in money, crosseil 
the British Channel to seek fiirlmii' and honors in the new worlil. 

Tlv'"- • ;ii-eci if (he Houtai family has c\-er liceii syiion\-mous 
with ci\ilization. \\'lieM ii spread ahroad among the iiarmns it 
carried wilh il a higher grade of civili/ini; influences. wlTc'li have 
left iheir impress upon Ihc people wilh whom t he\' came in con- 
tact, and 1 he name ha-^ .ah\ a\'s heen I he harbinger of civil and re- 
ligious liherty. Their descendants are li\' comparison numerous 
as the leax'cs of the forest, and dispelled in allnosl every clinic. 
Il has taken dee}' rool , and its fruils are found in o( her as well 
as ill their own nali\(' Hungarian --oik 

l-'or I he principles of ci\'il and relii;ious lilierty Sir ^^'illialll 
Houghton 111 l:!-'.li joined Ihc slandard <if k'.ilward 111 of k'.ngland. 
when he imadcd p'ram-e. and tor the same |irin(aples llerard 
Rowton hillowed the hirnine- of William III of l-aiulaiid., who. at 
IVirtiers under Tehoniliorge. and al Ihc I'.attlc of Ihc Uoyne, f(]Unhl 
noblv for liberty. 



(Iciici'al l'',(l\v:inl rxiulni: is a lineal ilesreiidaiit vi Xicliolas 
I'xiuldii. ('(Uiiit ('liaiiiill\ . lliniiiiili Ills sdii .Icihn IJoutoii, who ciii- 
liarkcd tVoiii ( aaxcsciiil , I'.iiulanil , in the i)ar(iue "Assurance," in 
.lul\ , l(io(i. anil lanileil at I'lnston, Mass., in l)eeenil)er, l(il?G. aiied 
twenty years. l".ai'l\' in the settlement of Haitforil, Conn., he 
moved to tliat place, and in 1(171, and for several }'ears suhse- 
([Uent lie was a re|)resentati\'e in the "eneral court of the colony 
(if Connecticut, (leneral i^ioutoii's grandfather. Captain Daniel 
Houton, (listiiifiuisheil himself commandinjf Connecticut volun- 
teei-s durinii the Ke\'olutionar\ War, and his father, Russell J^ou- 
ton , ser^'ed his connli')' well in the war with Kngland in ISlL'. 
His maternal ^randfat hei-, .Moses Hinsdale, rendered valual)le 
service in the l-!e\-olutionary War liy the manufacture of one hun- 
dred cannon for the cohmial iroo])s,from metal mined, smelted 
and cast liy himself, and foi- which he received nothing, simply 
because of the inability of the infant n(A-ernment to pay. 

General Houton's line of descent from Joim Houton, the original 
immigrant, is: 

1st, through his son, John i'loutim , Ji'., born at Xorwalk, Conn. , 
Sept. 30, 1659. 

2d, Nathaniel liouton, son of .lolin Houton, Jr., Iiorii at Nor- 
walk, Conn., in 1091 . 

:id, Daniel Houton, son of Xalhaniel Houton, born at New Ca- 
naan, township of Stratford, Conn., October 24. 1740. 

4th, Russell Houton, son of |)aniel i->outon, born at Danbury , 
Conn., October 31, 1790; who married .Mar\- Hinsdale, May 16, 
1N14, at Reading, Coiui., where tiie\- resided until 1S21, and then 
moved to the township of Howar<l (now Avoca ), Steuben Coun- 
ty, X. v., where Edward I?out<in, the subject of this sketch, was 
born April 12, 1S34. 

In his early youth, Kdward Pxiuton attended a country school 
at Cioff's Mills, Howard Township, and subsequently studied at 
Rodgersville Academy and Haverhng I'nion School in Rath, N. Y, 
At the age of nineteen he entered a stoi'e at Bath, of which two 
years later he l>ecame part jiroprietoi', and sole proprietor at 
the age of twenty-three. Hy this time the liusiness had become 
extende<l. and he shipped large ([uantities of grain, wool, pro- 
visions and [jroduce, on th(> iM'ie Railway-, having purchasing 
agents at nearly every station. In lS5il, he relinquished his Bath 
connection and engaged in an own more lucrative business at 
Cliicago, 111., as grain conmiission merchant with vessel property 
108 



(Ill tlic lakes. Wlicii I he CiNil Wai' \,y<,kv (Hil he -old his liusiiiess 
ami, cliicfi}- at liis (iwii ('\|iciisc rai'-cil a liallcry wiiii'li tlirough- 
(iiit the war was laiiiiliai'h known as l-><iuliin',- I'.atlci'v, its nliicial 
ilcsi^iiatidii liciiiLi Maticrx' 1, I'lr-t Kfuiiin-iii , Illinois Li^ht Artil- 
Ici'v. Vt the time (li-ticral Pxiuloii oruaiu/cil hi- raiiioiis liallcry, 
It was cosliiii;- the State of Illinois .sl,"i4 per caiiila lo rerniit , traiis- 
port ami niainlain troii|is |ii'e\-ioi|s to lieiim iiiu-tereil inio tlie 
Tnited States >er\ ice. lloiilon'- l-ialterN co-l the Stal e onl\- •'Si :'..'2n 
per capita , the I la la nee of I he e\peii-i> I leiiii; paid out of I he prix'ate 
purse of (General PioUloii. He iiaiiieil proiiiotion to the rank of 
l)ri,^ailier-( ieiieral ;ilid ]ia rtici pated with honor in 1 he li.atlle of 
Shiloli and some fort \- other eiejaui hieiils and iiiaii\ -kiriiiishe-. 
and in \;iriciii> expedilion- in W'esI Teiiliessee, Xortlierii Mi-^sis- 
-ippi, .Maliaina and .\rkaiisa-, \\ the clo-e of tin- War the coiii- 
iiiaiid was orfered to ('leneral I'.oillnn of a corp,- of t w cut y-l hou- 
saial \eteralis !o he orcanized to seiwc a> \dluiiteers in ihe Me\ican 
War with I'rance, and a colonelcy in the resjiilar ariii\' was also 
pres.-ed upon hini in thi' ino-t llatleriiii; rerins li\- tleiierals (Irani 
and Sliernian. hut ] ireferrnm lo retire lo r\y]\ life, he declined 
lioth of these, and ill I'^tiS reiiio\-ed lo ('ahforni;i. ami purch,a>i iii; 
I he San .lacinlo l\aiicli , ninety inile-easl of \a» \iiLii'le> , elmaiied 
exteiisi vel\- in sheep r;iisili;;. Since hS.S'J he h.as also lieeli inter- 
ested in real estate speculation-. 

.January -Jn. hS.V.l, ( ieiieral l'.<iiiton in:irricd Mis- .Maruaiel I'ox. 
who was liorii in .\\dca. X. ^'.. and died in l"aliforni;i .\ui:u-l 1 I, 
ISOl. lie wa- a -ecoiid lime married al S.aii l»ie-o. Cal., .March 
'_'■-'. hSd-I, hi-^ w ih' lieim.1 i;i-a .hilmson. who is comieded with some 
of the liest famik'S of Sweden. ( hie child ., a liowh.-s 1 n.-en horn 
lo them. 

\\v can -scarcely m;ike a lielter pre-eiil al ion of ( ieicral rioiilou's 
liio^raphy than \>y copviiiL; the followinu aiiicle hy ( 'olom-1 lioliert 
('owden, who wa- om- of hi- uiosl inlimate friend- and ardeiil ad- 
mirers : 

•■l-;arl\- ri I he kale war for the riiion, (icner.al I'louloii, llien a 
coniinis-ioji men haul in ('liicaLio, oruani/ed a Iial1er\- of li'jht 
artillery, which ,ahva\-, amoicj -oldier-, liore his name 'I'loulon's 
I'lalterv.' lull wa- olliciallx' ki'owi; a- l'>atler\- 1, I'lrsl li'eL;imcnl, 
IlhiiKis l.i^ihl Arlilleiw. Tlii- li:iller\' di.-l imiuislied itself all 
ihr.iU'jh Ihe W.ar, from llie r.:illlc ,,f SInkih lo ihos,. ,,f .\,a-h \ille , 
and l''raiikliii t liree year- laler. (leneral lloiilon ■•omm,ande<l hi- 
liallery in person from the tirsi imlil hi- proiiiorion . and here lir,-l 
l(i<i 



atiiacli'il ihc atli'iiliciii (if his siiperini-s. I',ai!\' in .M:i\ . lS(i:', . ( Icn- 
(■|-:il I,(irciizo Tliiiiiias, Ailjutallt-( ■ciicral nl' tlic V. S. aiin\-, lamled 
at Mciii|)liis. 'ri'iin. , w itii iirdcrs (lirccl IViuii I'residciil l.inrdlii for 
llic (ii-L;aiii/atii>n ol' cdldrcd frdops, six i-cu,iiiiciits df wliirh were 
wanted tVdin this |idiiit. Tlie nvi\vy \n (iriianize tliese was datt'(l 
the 4lh 111' Ma\-. lii rdiisuh at ion with (leiieral Thomas on the one 
hand and his six (H^■isidn cdnnnandeis cii the dther. (leneral 
Stephen A. Hui'llnn , edniinandii.,i; ih'|iartnient nf West Tennes- 
see and Xdi'tlieiii Mississippi, nia(h' chdice ol' ('aptaif. Houtdn, at 
tliat time chief of artill(M-v nl' !'/■ h'il'th Division of the Sixteenth 
Aiaiiy ('dr])s, Sherman's did Shiloh l)i\isidn, Id rdmmaiid mie df 
these reiiinients, and in that ehdiee distiliKnished himself as a dis- 
eei'ner of men. ll was nn(h'rstdddd that (ieneial Sheiiiian enter- 
tained misl;i^•in^s and was hiatli td hise (leneral I'xiutdii frdUi a 
ser\ice in which he had >howii sm h capai'ity. Iiut adniitte(l tliat. 
if an\ one could make soldiel's of neuroes, it was lliuitdn. In 
pi-ddf df the cd|-|'ecl ness df his judninenl. it is noted here that 
(leneral .Maci'y, inspect di--;:enei-al df the I". S. army, less than Iwd 
yeai-s later, after a thoi'oui!h personal iiispectidii, pi'iindimced 
thice df the co'drel reiiiment< in (leneral hionton's conuiiand, in 
d.rill, iliscipline and mihtary hearing e(|Ual to an\- in the sei'N'ice, 
regular oi' \-dhmtcei-.' 

■■( hie df ( lenei-.-d I 'xiiil on's best achie\('menls, which I ha\-e not 
nciliciMl in print , liut which ihd not escape the eys of his siiperiois, 
occuri'eil .lnl\- 1'!. 1S(14, one monl li after I he disasier In dUr ti'dops 
at (luntdwii. Miss., when in I'omniand of aliollt h^idll men, white 
and cdldied, he made a march df Iwcnty-lwn miles in diie ihiy, 
fmni I'diitotdc Id Tupelo. Miss. , iinai'dinii a liea\\- train of three 
himdred waiinns ami liuhiinu in the same lime fdur distinct hat- 
lies, each siicces^fiil and atiainsl s\iperidi- odds, 'lenerals .\. .1. 
Smilli and .hiseph Mower, commaiidiln; corp> and di\'ision respec- 
li\'el\- , de<-hn'ed I his ,achie\('nient unsurpassed wilhiii their knowl- 
edge. 

"I'.iil it was not alone in the saiiL^uiliary sli-uunle on the held 
thai ( Ieneial I'.dU Ion's qualities si i one. lie was equally capable in 
ihe adiinnisi lal ion df affairs, as was prdxcd by results. Memphis. 
an 'mporlani ri\-er port , and ueoL;raphic.-dl\- central to a lai'ije and 
wealthy cot loii-'irow ini;- enmity, was a pdiiit Udt easily coiilrolled 
sali^hictdril\ Id Ihe licneral jj,ii\'eiiimeiil and in the iiiteresl of Ihe 
peiiple .\rier iii.aiiy failures and ld>-^e> and when cdiifusidii and 
ilist rusi had Icnn; run rinl , ( leneral I'xiiildii w a,-- a]ipdinled pruxaisl- 
110 



iiiai'sli:il III' the city, wliirli iiiadr liiiii, lui' llic tiiiic. iliclalnr iii af- 
lairs mililarv and mil, inrluiliiiu all trade i )vi\"ilc<i('.-- and rai'i" nt 
aliaiidiiiHMJ |)ni|)crl \- . of wliirji llicrr was iiiurli; iii-'isoiis . sroiits 
dclrctixc-. thr |iii|iri' and -anilai'v rr'^illalnm nf tlir i-it\-; m sliiiil 
(•\iT\llnni; in and iniincdial el y almiit tlir citx', Willi tin- iniisl 
rarcful nianaiicnirnl an i'\|ii'ndil iirc nf .^'.1,(11)0 a niunlli was ncrrs- 
salW 111 I'lllriflll U()\iTlllllrnl . In llic cMTi-lsr nf lii> ii>iial lidnlilv 
and tlir a|)|Miinl inciit .if unly tlic iiiiist 1 nisi wiiil li\ snl h I'-dlnal cs 
111 CM'IW di'|>art nirlll . Iir sunn jlil I'lidlHTd (irdvf; rnlli'i-lnd and dis- 
liiirsi'd iiKiliry^; |iaid all pa-l ilidi-' it I'diir-- . Iica\\ as il wa-.ali 
riin-rnl r\|)fiisc,~; and al llir end iil' si\ inuiitlis liaiidi'd tli:' i,ii\"- 
criimriit nf flic citN- UNCI- 111 till' lie \l\ ^'liTtcd nniniriiial i.lli'-crs 
and lunicd nvcr -.cxiTal llmnsand. lollars In the s|i(M-ial f nid nf 
llir War DiM.artnirnt. 

"Slill aiiutliiT si-r\i'-'' nf flrs!--las.- iini .nrt-ani c to the I'nit 
State ■jnxa-nni-n: . and ■■• llie siilijiua t .il m ,n; Ma'al . d) 1 i\--u- 
iiniilnn i-ender. that marked hiin as a man nf tnni'e than nnlinarN 
sauarilx. Wdiile he wa- \ el |irn\ n>| -ma r-hal nf .Mein|ilii< . Cnl. 
Sam Tale, nf i he late 'leliel a mix , eanie in In take 1 he |ireseiil 
ii,ath nf .alle-ialiee, lla\in,i; ilnm this, hr e\l>resseil a desire tn re- 
enter .•niilfnl nf the Mein|.hi- iV Charleslnn kiailrnad, nf which lu 
was |ii'("-ident . 'I'hc j^nv (•riimciit nn luinzer iiecdim; the rnad fm 
mihtai'N |iuiaiiises , ( iciicr:il ImiiiIiiii dfew up a plan ni' ;ii;|-ecinciil 
at the -imcesrinn nf ( icncral .hilin Ik Smith, k\' wlii<-h imt milx' 
I Ins. lull nlher MiiithcMi rnads m I his -eclin:! , w ere liiialh- reliirnci 
III their nwners, ( )ne nf i he lirsl ,aiid pnneipal si ipiikat inns in 1 h 
aiifeenieiil was that nn elaiiii >linnld e\"er he made a L' a i list t he i;n\ 
eniineiil fill the U-e nr. n\' ilaiiiai;e In -aid rnads while I he\' wef 
iieili.U Used fnr inihtarx lilirpiises. .\ll ptirlies in the interest nf th 
eiiinp:iii\ ha\-iiiL: -luned I he aLireenienI ( lener.al Iiniilnn pre 
eeeded in persim tn Vew" Orlean- and tn \ka^li\ille :ind serlirei 
the apprn\al nf (ienerals ('aiik\- :iiid 'rimnias, departineiit enm- 
m.ander- Cnliinel 'Ikale i hen w eiil I n Wa-liimit i ill 1 1 : enmplel e with 
(lener.al (ii'anl. I he Seerelar\- nf Wkar .and I he I jii.arlermasler- 
(Jeiierak all a rr.a injemeiit s fur I he I ra iisler nf the prnpertw Nn 
-nniier had he dniie tlii> than he pri-eiiled :i rial in auainst the unv- 
erninelll . wliieli l're-a|,.|il .Inhnsiili. ,an I. Id friend nf hi-, iirdered 
paid. haiemies nf i'residen! .h.linsnii ehariied lli.al he reeei\ed 
a part n[ t hi-, ,alid dlirini: I he impeaehini ill Irial desired • ieiieral 
r.nlllnli's exidenee nil 1 hi' ei ml rarl , I'.ill , al I he >iii;;:est inn nf ( hai- 

ni 



C'i-:il (Iniiil . he iicvci- apiiciii-cd , ami soon afler went tn California, 
where he has e\t'r siiii'e li\(Ml. After JdIiumiiiV death it was de- 
\eli>iied that he did not receive a ddllar nf Tate's ninney. 

"In the spriuii (if IStili. ( ieiieral I'xnitdii declined a eohinelcy in 
the reiiular nrin\-, the acceptani'c of which in the regular (uvler of 
].)ruiniiti(iiis. wiiiild ha\e hrciuiiht him liy this time near the head nf 
the army. Allhuniih recdmmended by ( ienerals (h'ant ami Sher- 
man, and warmly endorsed hy ( lenerals A. J. Smith and .hise|)li 
Mcw'er. ill lanuiiaiic almost extiavai;ant . the (ieneral chose to de- 
cline, tireferriiii! ci\il |i\!rs;ii(.-. 

"General Sherman V esteem of (Ieneral Uouton was lersel\' ex- 
pressed in the follo\\in<; lanL;iia<!;e. not !onu liefore my last hand- 
shake with the atied hero. Saiil he, d think well of (Ieneral Hou- 
ton. 1 ahvays found him the riiiht man in the I'iiiht phwe. He 
is an honest, modest, l'r:i\". trne soldier, ami capable of fiUiiiLi; 
any position he will accept.' 

"llast saw (Ieneral Sherman at a reception in Columlnis. ( )hio , 
iliiriiij; the iifaiid encampment in ISSS. In order (o eiisinv iiviick 
rei'ounitioii , 1 said, on takinu his lian.l. 'lioiiton's Battery.' In- 
stantly he s( raiiditeiieil up, while 1 li(> old-time lil'e Hashed in his 
eyes, as he said, ui\iiin me a.n e\t'a warm shake. 'Hoiilon's !5at- 
lery.I rememl lef it well. Splendid 1 )at tery.' These were his last 
words in my hearinj; and with the,-c wurds 1 w ouM close tiiis re- 
cital " 

(Signed) ROBERT COWDEN, 

Late Lieut. -Colonel, commanding 59th U. S. Colored Infantry. 

Dayton, Ohio, April 17, 1895. 

I )iir]ni; his army career (ieneral r>oiltoii was sexcral limes iiu'ii- 
lioiied in terms of commeiidal ion , espe'aall\' for strici iiiteiirily, 
li\' liolh President Lincoln and Secretary of War Stanton; on one 
oci-asion Secretaiw Stanton saxinii that he was one of the tew 
army ollicers who had been able to handle ( 'oiifedeiate caittoli 
without beinii contaminated. In recoiiimendiiiii ( Ieneral I'loiiton's 
promiilion to l)rii;adier-( Ieneral .< Ieneral (Irani said: "I consiiler 
Colonel I'.oiilon one of the best ollicers in the arm\-, and there is 
not one whose promotion I can more cheerfully recommeiul." 
( lenerab li.alleck and Sherman both proiiounceil him the best artil- 
ler\' ollicer in the arni\-; (Ieneral Ihilleck s.a viii.i; t hat hi had iie\cr 
seen a bet ler bat (cry t haii I lout on 's eil hei' in Lu rope or .\menc,a . 
ami thai less than a tliousaml men had sa\'ed the day at Sliiloh, 
112 



must ciiiispicndus aiiiiiiiii tlic iiuiiilici- liciiiii l^xmtiiii's l'>att('i\- of 
('lii<-atiii. (Iciici'al Slicniian nii diif uccaHion said: "' l^outdii was 
as cdiil iiiidcr fli'c ami as himkI an artillciN utiiccv as 1 cyrr knew . 
anil tliei'f is no lix'iiiii man wlmm I wimld lallirr lia\'r liandic my 
artillerv in a hard tii;lit." (Icnriai Washlmrii ^aid tliat (Icnci'al 
Houton's defense i>f the rear of the \ani|uished rnion foi'ces, un- 
der (ieneral Stiir^cs. on their retreat fiom (Itmtowii, Miss., to 
Ciermantown . Temi. , for t wo da\s and m^hts, a distance of eighty - 
one miles, witli Imt a handful of men. aLiainst the inei'ssant ami 
impetuous attacks of ( ieiieral forrc-l '- \-ictoi-ious arm\- . con.-tiiut- 
eil one of the most heroic deed- I'ecorded in hrs|oi-\. (ieiieraN 
.-\. .1. Smith and .loseph Mower, Imlh |i|-onounced liini 1 he hest 
hri.L'ade connnalider they had e\i'r -een. When (Iciu'ral Smith's 
\eterans of the Sixteenlh Coi-iis wei-e, foi' the thud lime, repidsed 

I.eh.re Spanish l"ort at .Mol.ile, he said to ( ol •! Kendnck: ■' 1 

wish to (lod I'xitllon was here; he wouhl ,l;o in lln-ri' like .a uhii-l- 
wmd." 




The above picture represents General Bouton at thirty years of age and is one 
of the Oak Gallery pictures ol which many copies were found in the Spanish fort 
Mobile with the order endorsed on them to kill or capture this officer at any cost 
or hazard. 

To .-how how Ihe (leiicral was renanleil li> llie ( 'oiifeilera les . 
the followiiiL; inciilenl m,'i\ lie n.arrated: Soon after his promo- 
lion lo he a lirii;adier-L;elieral , .and when lhi|-|\ \-e;i|-,- o|' a^e he 
11.1 



had some pic-tiires taken at Oak (lallery in Memphis, Tenii. One 
of these was obtained by the Confederate (l(>nei'al. X. H. Forrest , 
from one of Bouton's officeis wlm was taken a pi'isoner of war. 
This piftiire (lenei-al I-'oi'i-e^t sent to ^bibile, where hundreds of 
copies were made and distiibiited amon^ the ("onfe(U'rate soldiers 
in the southwest. When ^bibih- \\a>- cajjtured, lioth (ieneral A. 
.1. Smith. riimmanihnL' the Sixteenth Corp-, and Cok)iiel Ken- 
driek, fornierl\- of (ienei-al HdUtcm's i-ianmaml. reported fintHnii' 
many of tiie pictures with the urdei- enih/rsiMl upon them to kill 
or pai)ti!i-e this ottii-er at aii>- cost oi' ha/ard. 

In the .S7. I.iiiiis H, viillicd n . .January S. ISPI , tliere appeared an 
article. "Stories of Pioneer Darinii." in which the author. Charles 
F. Funimis, aives the following incident in the life of (leneral 
Bout on : 

"An e(|ually i-eniark.ahle displa) n!' pure nerve was the e\]>loit 
of General .Fdward P>outon in a lonely pa.ss in Southern California 
in 1S7('. A fpiiet . ijentle-\'oiced , mild-mannered man, one would 
hardly sus])ect in him the I'eckless dariii,u which won liim dis- 
tinction in some of the most desperate eiiiiaucments in the Civil 
War. It was he of whom (leneral Sheiinaii said in my hearin,<:: 
'He was the most dai'ini; liriiradier we had in the A\'est.' The ter- 
rific artillery duel between (leneral Boutun's ( 'hicaiio l);[ttery and 
tw(] Fvebel batteries at Sliiloh. and t he desjierate three hours at 
Cimtown, Miss., when he and his biiuaile stood off the sava.ue 
chai'jic of neai'ly ten times as lari;e a force, with the hiss of nearly 
twd-lhirds of tlieii' number, will be remembered as one of tlie 
most ■iallant achie\-ements (if the .threat Wnv. .\nd the c'nui-a.tie 
which does not tlepenil on the ins]iiralion of conflict ami of luun- 
bers is also his. 

"In .luly. 1S7II. he had ciccasidU tci xisit his L;re;it sheep ranch in 
the wild San (ioriiiini<i Pass. California. Tlie cduntry was then 
infested with Udtdrious Mexican and .\merican bandits, and 
travelers always went anneil. (lenei-al P)dUt<in and hi.^ partnei' 
were ilrivinp; alonu the nindidit fm-i-st i-dad. when three maskt'il 
men spranji snddeidy fi'din the bushes anil thinisl in flieii' faces a 
double barrelled shdt uun and Iwd six-shcidteiv. al the same time 
seizing their luirse.-.. It w,a.- umler-tdcid thai the Cenei'al w a> cai'- 
ryinj: SbS.OOP td liu\ a band .if nine ihdusand sheep, and thi> the 
hi<;h\va\nien -were afp'r. They made the Iraxclei's disnidimt and 
fastened their arm.- Iielnnd (hem with chains, clciMii a I he links with 
a pair df |iinchei-s. .Anul hei- chain wa> similai'h fastened abiiul 
114 



(iciipral linuldiiV iirck, and niic (if I he (l('S|icracl(i(>s, a cdckod ro- 
Vdlvor in hand, led liini aliin;: liy lliis, wliilc the oilier IWn licid 
shotgun anil rcvoKci- i'cad\ to shoot at the shiihtcsi i-csistancc of 
the prisoner. So the si laiiiic in-oi-cssion slatted off .ihe hi,;;h\va\- 
ineii (lesiriilfi to niairh l heir iiiisoni'i-,-- a\\a\ from the road to some 
sechl(k"'d spot where their hodie^ could lie safely roiicealcd. Their 
intention to roll and then murder, fully estalilished hy later de- 
velopments, was |ierfeclly maha-stooil li\- the caiitiNcs: and the 
(ieneral decided it' hi' musl die, he wduld ilie tryiiiii. .As they 
trod the lonel>- path in silenee, he felt alonn the rhaiii which se- 
cured his wrist; with ul most caution , lest iheliandit liehind witliti 
cocked shotgun should percei\-e his intent. Slowly and noiselessly 
he groped, till he found a link which was not perfectl\' closed; 
and, putting all his strength into a suiireme effort (Imt guanled 
one), he wrenched the link still wider open, and manageil to un- 
hook it. Without changing the position of his hamls jiercept ilily 
he began to draw his right c.-iuiiously up towards his hip pocket, 
.lust as it rested on the urip of the small re\-ol\-er concealed there. 
the highwavmaii liehind saw what he was at. and with a shout 
threw the sliotgun to his shoulder, liut hefore lie i-ould pull the 
trigger, Hoiiton had snatched out his pi-^tol, wheeled alioul, and 
shot him down. The desperado who was leading Pxnilon li\- the 
chain whirled around with his si.s-shooter at a level, luit too lale, 
a ludl from the (lenerals rexoh'er dropped him dead. The lliiril 
rolilier made an e(|Uall\- \'.ain attempt In shoot tlie audacious pris- 
oner, ami was in turn laid low liy the same unerring aim. It was 
lightning work and adamantine firmness, tliree shots in half as 
many seconds, and exerv shot a counter." 



